Table-2.

Comparison between EEEV, WEEV, and VEEV [9,89].

Characteristics	EEEV	WEEV	VEEV (epizootic)	VEEV (enzootic)
Distribution	Eastern and Northern U.S.; South America	Western U.S.; South America	South and Central America	Southern U.S. (Florida); South and Central America
Transmission cycle	Avian-Culiseta melanura	Avian-Culex tarsalis	Unknown	Rodents-Culex spp.
Horse as amplifier hosts	Sometimes	No	Horses	Not known
Vector (humans/equines)	Aedes and coquillettidia spp.	Culex tarsalis	Mosquitoes	Culex spp.
Human mortality	50-75%	37%	1%	-
Horse mortality	70-90%	3-50%	20-80%	-
CSF examination	Color is mild turbid with increased protein content and increase infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes	Color of CSF is normal with mild increase in protein content and mononuclear cells	-	-

EEV=Eastern equine encephalitis virus, WEEV=Western equine encephalitis virus, VEEV=Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, CSF=Cerebrospinal fluid