Table 1.
Characteristics of the 18 studies included in the meta-analysis.
| Study | Patients | Controls | Mean Age of Patients | Mean Age of Controls | Diagnosis of Patients | Mean Age of Onset | Patients Medicated | WM Measure | Covariates | Data |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alonso-Lana et al. (2016) | 33 | 28 | 44.13 (±SD 6.63) | 44.01 (±SD 6.03 | Euthymic BDI | NS | NS | Volume | No covariates | Peak Coordinates |
| Bruno et al. (2004) | 39 | 35 | 39.1 | 34.8 | 28 BDI | 25.9 | 31 | Density | No covariates | T-map |
| Range 21–63 | Range 26–54 | 11 BDII | ||||||||
| Bond et al. (2014) | 57 | 55 | 22.8 | 22.2 | Remitted First- Episode Mania BDI | 22.8 | 53 | Volume | Age, gender | Peak Coordinates |
| Castro-Fornieles et al. (2017) | 15 | 70 | 16.5 (±SD 0.7) | 15.3 (±SD 1.5) | Early-onset first episode psychosis | NS | NA | Volume | Age, sex, TIV, scan site were | T-map |
| Colombo et al. (2012) | 26 | 94 | 27.12 (±SD 8.47) | 30.21 (±SD 8.40) | First Episode Psychosis BDI | 26.6 | NS | Volume | Gender, total WM | T-map |
| Dukart et al. (2014) | 15 | 21 | NS | 47.3 ±9.6 | Depressed BD pre ECT | NS | NS | Volume | Age, sex, TIV | T-map |
| Emsell et al. (2013) | 60 | 60 | 42 (±SD 10) | 42 (±SD 10) | Euthymic BDI | 28 (±SD 8) | 60 | Volume | Age, TIV | Raw data |
| Farrow et al. (2005) | 8 | 22 | F: 17 (±SD 2) | F: 21 (±SD 4) | First Episode Psychosis BDI | NS | NS | Volume | NS | Peak Coordinates |
| M: 18 (±SD 2) | M: 20 (±SD 4) | |||||||||
| Haller et al. (2011) | 19 | 47 | 68.53 (±SD 5.89) | 69.77 (±SD 6.55) | Euthymic 10 BDI | 39.37 (±SD 15.26) | 17 | Volume | Age, TIV | Raw data |
| 9 BDII | ||||||||||
| Matsubara et al. (2016) | 10 | 27 | 46.9 (±SD 12.3) | 48.3 (±SD 13.0) | 7 BDI | 32.2 (±SD 11.5) | 10 | Volume | Age, sex, premorbid IQ scores | T-map |
| 3 BDII | ||||||||||
| Ivleva et al. (2012) | 17 | 10 | 38.24 (±SD 7.28) | 43.9 (±SD 9.86) | BDI with psychosis | 27.7 (±SD 6.3) | 16 | Volume | Age | T-map |
| James et al. (2011) | 15 | 20 | 15.0 (±SD 2.0) | 15.3 (±SD 1.0) | BDI with psychosis | 14.0 (±SD 2.0) | 14 | Volume | Age, TIV | Raw data |
| Kempton et al. (2009) | 30 | 52 | 39.4 (±SD 9.8) | 35.2 (±SD 13.0) | Euthymic BDI | 23.5 (±SD 6.7) | 27 | Volume | Age, TIV | Raw data |
| Ishida et al. (2017) | 29 | 33 | 42.7 (SD ±13.3) | 37.6 (SD ±9.8) | 15 BDI | NA | 27 | Volume | Age, sex, intracranial volume | Peak Coordinates |
| 14 BDII | ||||||||||
| Matsuo et al. (2012) | 35 | 40 | 40.8 (±SD 9.2) | 41.6 (±SD 9.1) | BDI | 19.6 (±SD 10.3) | 13 | Volume | Age, gend., scan., years ed., hand., total WM | T-map |
| McDonald et al. (2005) | 37 | 52 | 40.7 (±SD 11.6) | 39.3 (±SD 14.8) | BDI with psychosis | 22.9 (±SD 5.5) | 32 | Volume | Age, gender, global tissue vol | Peak Coordinates |
| Nugent et al. (2006) | 20 | 65 | 41 (±SD 8.3) | 38 (±SD 11.8) | 4 BDI | 18 (±SD 8.8) | 20 | Volume | Age, gender and scanner | T-map |
| 16 BDII | ||||||||||
| Redlich et al. (2014) | 58 | 58 | 37.5 (±SD 11.0) | 37.7 (±SD 9.7) | BD during a depressive episode | 23.2 (±SD 9.4) | 54 | Volume | Age, sex, site | T-map |
| Rossi et al. (2013) | 14 | 40 | 43 (±SD 8) | 40 (±SD 11) | Euthymic 13 BDI | 26 | 14 | Volume | Ed., TIV, abuse alcohol/substance | T-map |
| 2 BDII | ||||||||||
| Sani et al. (2016) | 78 | 78 | 44.56 (±SD 13.26) | 44.38 (±SD 13.31) | 49 BDI | NS | 78 | Volume | Age | T-map |
| 29 BDII | ||||||||||
| Singh et al. (2012) | 26 | 24 | 15.7 (±SD 1.6) | 14.9 (±SD 1.4) | BDI | NS | 22 lifetime exposure | Volume | Age, TIV, IQ | T-map |
| Stanfield et al. (2009) | 66 | 66 | 36.4 (±SD 11.1) | 39.0 (±SD 10.9) | Familial BDI | 21.0 | NS | Density | Total brain volume | Peak Coordinates |
| Watson et al. (2012) | 24 | 24 | 36.0 (±SD 10.0) | 35.6 (±SD 9.7) | First Episode Psychosis BD | 35.3 | NS | Volume | Age | Peak Coordinates |
| Yip et al. (2013) | 34 | 34 | 20.94 (±SD 3.16) | 21.29 (±SD 2.37) | Bipolar II/NOS disorder | NS | 0 | Volume | Age, TIV | Raw data |
BDI and BDII = Bipolar Disorder I and II; HC = Healthy Controls; FEP = First Episode Psychosis; TIV = Total Intracranial Volume; SD = Standard Deviation; NS = Not Stated; PBD = Pediatric Bipolar Disorder; V = Volume; Ed. = Education; Scan. = Scanner; Gend. = Gender; Hand. = Handedness.