Table 1.
Characteristics of the MASALA study participants, 2010–2013, by glucose tolerance groups (N = 899)
| Participant Characteristic | Normal glucose tolerance (n=375) |
Prediabetes (n= 295) |
Diabetes (n= 229) |
Statistic (p value) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | (mean±SD) | 53.4±9.2 | 55.8±9.6 | 57.7±8.7 | F[2,898] = 16.1 (< .001) |
|
| |||||
| Residence in USA (yr) (mean±SD) | 26.5±10.1 | 27.0±11.3 | 27.9±11.4 | F[2, 879]= 1.14 (.32) | |
|
| |||||
| Geographic location (n (%)): Illinois | 130 (35%) | 168 (57%) | 111 (48%) | X2[2] = 34.2 (< .001) | |
| California | 240 (65%) | 127 (43%) | 118 (52%) | ||
|
| |||||
| Sex (n (%)): | Men | 174 (46%) | 170 (58%) | 139 (61%) | X2[2] = 14.4 (≤ .001) |
| Women | 201 (54%) | 125 (42%) | 90 (39%) | ||
|
| |||||
| Income Category (n (%)): <$40,000 | 29 (8%) | 42 (14%) | 44 (20%) | X2[6] = 26.5 (< .001) | |
| $40,000 – $75,000 | 39 (11%) | 42 (14%) | 38 (17%) | ||
| $75,000 – $100,000 | 38 (11%) | 27 (9%) | 23 (10%) | ||
| >$100,000 | 254 (70%) | 180 (62%) | 117 (53%) | ||
| Not answered | 15 | 4 | 7 | ||
|
| |||||
| College Degree Education (n (%)): | 339 (90%) | 261 (88%) | 190 (83%) | X2[2] =7.5 (.023) | |
|
| |||||
| Alcohol 1+ serving/week (n (%)): | 121 (32%) | 105 (35%) | 72 (31%) | X2[2] =1.2 (.541) | |
|
| |||||
| Smoking (n (%)): | Non-smoking | 320 (85%) | 241 (82%) | 183 (80%) | X2[4] = 4.1 (.397) |
| Past Smoking | 42 (11%) | 45 (15%) | 37 (16%) | ||
| Current Smoking | 13 (4%) | 9 (3%) | 9 (4%) | ||
|
| |||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) (mean±SD) | 121±15 | 126±17 | 129±15 | F[2,898] = 18.2 (< .001) | |
|
| |||||
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) (mean±SD) | 72±10 | 74±10 | 75±9 | F[2,898] = 5.2 (.006) | |
|
| |||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | (mean±SD) | 25.2±3.9 | 26.4±4.1 | 26.8±4.2 | F[2,895] = 13.7 (< .001) |
|
| |||||
| Waist circumference (cm) (mean±SD) | 90.0±9.7 | 94.0±10.2 | 95.8±10.4 | F[2,895] = 26.5 (< .001) | |
|
| |||||
| HbA1c (mean±SD): | % | 5.67±0.30 | 5.82±0.34 | 7.00±1.19 | F[2,892]=312.3 (< .001) |
| (mmol/mol) | 38 ± 3.3 | 40 ± 3.7 | 53 ± 13.1 | ||