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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Obes Med. 2017 Dec 1;9:1–6. doi: 10.1016/j.obmed.2017.11.001

Table 3.

BQ Category 1: Habitual Snoring and Sleep Disordered Breathing (N=899)

Participant Characteristic No Snoring
n = 270
Don’t Know
n = 137
Snores
n = 499
Statistic,
(p value)
Age (yr) (mean±SD) 55.5 ± 9.9 54.6 ± 9.6 55.4 ± 9.1 F[2,902]=0.52 NS

Residence in USA (yr) (mean±SD) 27.2 ±11.2 26.8 ±10.6 27.0 ±10.8 F[2,902]=0.06 NS

Geographic location (n(%)): Illinois 128 (47%) 53 (39%) 229 (46%) X2[2] =2.97 NS
California 142 (53%) 84 (61%) 270 (54%)

Sex (n (%)): Men 118 (44%) 52 (38%) 316 (63%) X2[2] =43.1 (<.001)
Women 152 (56%) 85 (62%) 183 (37%)

Income (n (%)): < $40,000 30 (11%) 18 (14%) 67 (14%) X2[6] =3.2 NS
$40,000 – $75,000 41 (16%) 20 (15%) 59 (12%)
$75,000 – $100,000 24 (9%) 13 (10%) 52 (11%)
>$100,000 170 (64%) 80 (61%) 306 (63%)
Not answered 5 6 15

College Degree (n (%)): 239 (89%) 115 (84%) 442 89%) X2[2] =2.3 NS

Alcohol (1+/week): (n (%)): 78 (29%) 29 (21%) 192 (39%) X2[2] =17.5 (<.001)

Smoking (n (%)): Non-smoker 238 (88%) 119 (87%) 394 (79%) X2[4] =17.5 (.002)
Past smoker 24 (9%) 11 (8%) 89 (18%)
Current smoker 8 (3%) 7 (5%) 16 (3%)

Hypertension history (n (%)): 73 (27%) 45 (33%) 173 (35%) X2[2]=4.7 (.094)

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) (mean±SD) 122 ±16 124 ±15 126 ±16 F[2,905] =4.9 (.007)

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) (mean±SD) 71 ± 10 72 ± 9 75 ± 10 F[2,905]=15.3 (<.001)

BMI (kg/m2) (mean±SD) 24.5 ± 3.43 26.1 ± 3.95 26.8 ±4.59 F[2,902]=26.3 (<.001)

BMI >30.0 kg/m2 (n (%)): 15 (12%) 24 (19%) 84 (68%) X2[2]=17.5 (<.001)
BMI >27.5 kg/m2 (n (%)): 48 (18%) 48 (35%) 174 (35%) X2[2] =26.6 (<.001)

Waist circumference (cm) (mean±SD) 89.4 ± 9.2 92.5 ±10.9 94.7 ±10.3 F[2,902]=23.8 (<.001)

HbA1c (mean±SD): % 5.9 ± 0.7 6.0 ± 0.8 6.1 ± 0.9 F[2,897]=4.7 (.009)
(mmol/mol) 41 ± 7.7 42 ± 8.7 43 ± 9.8

BQ Sleep disordered breathing (Category1) (n (%)) - - 376 (75%) -

BQ Excessive Daytime Sleepiness(Category 2) (n (%)) 32 (12%) 18 (13%) 60 (12%) X2[2]=0.15 (NS)

High risk for OSA(2 or 3 BQ categories) (n (%)) 8 (3%) 8 (6%) 197 (40%) X2[1]=119.5 (<.001)

Note: NS= not significant (p > .10)