Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics of Study Groups Defined by HIV Status and Severe Acute Malnutrition at Baseline
| Baseline characteristics | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | HIV+ SAM+ (n = 32) | HIV+ SAM− (n = 41) | HIV− SAM+ (n = 15) | HIV− SAM− (n = 19) |
| Age (years) | 1.6 (0.7–3.4) | 8.2 (4.5–10.7) | 0.9 (0.5–1.5) | 9.1 (6.8–12.8) |
| Male sex | 18 (56%) | 26 (63%) | 7 (47%) | 9 (47%) |
| CD4+ T cell count, cells/mm3 | 541 (149–1167) | 412 (212–875) | N/A | N/A |
| CD4% | 14.9 (8.5–20) | 18.0 (9–24.5) | N/A | N/A |
| HIV RNA level, copies/ml | 1.2 × 106 (5.9 × 105–7.3 × 106) | 1.4 × 105 (3.3 × 104–5.9 × 105) | N/A | N/A |
| Active tuberculosis disease | 15 (47%) | 5 (12%) | 0 | 0 |
| Diarrhea | 2 (6%) | 2 (5%) | 7 (50%) | 0 |
| Lower respiratory tract infection | 6 (19%) | 3 (7%) | 0 | 0 |
| Oral thrush | 5 (16%) | 2 (5%) | 0 | 0 |
| WHO stage IV | 32 (100%) | 8 (20%) | N/A | N/A |
| Admitted to hospital | 32 (100%) | 5 (12%) | 15 (100%) | 0 |
| Height for age z score (haz) | −3.3 (−4.7 to −2.4) | −2.0 (−2.8 to −1) | −2.1 (−3.6 to −1.2) | −0.2 (−1.6 to 1) |
| Weight for age z score (waz) | −3.4 (−4.5 to −3) | −0.9 (−1.9 to −0.3) | −1.8 (−4 to −1.4) | 0.0 (−0.5 to 0.9) |
| Weight for height z score (whz) | −1.9 (−3.6 to −0.6) | 0.5 (−0.5 to 1.4) | −1.2 (−2.4 to 0) | 0.9 (0.2–2.3) |
| Weight for height z score (whz) <3 | 11 (34%) | 0 | 1 (7%) | 0 |
| Mid-upper arm circumference <115 mm | 18 (56%) | 0 | 4 (27%) | 0 |
| Bilateral lower extremity pitting edema | 13 (42%) | 0 | 12 (80%) | 0 |
Median values with interquartile range or number of study subjects with percentage are shown for each characteristic by study group.
SAM, severe acute malnutrition; N/A, not applicable.