Figure 4.

Pollen of ‘basal’ Loranthaceae, genera with ambiguous phylogenetic affinities. Pollen images (polar views) are mapped on the corresponding part of the bipartition network shown in Figure 3; morphologically and genetically well-circumscribed lineages (Psittacantinae s.str., Elytrantheae, Lorantheae) are collapsed for better visibility. Note that Type B pollen found in all genera except for Tupeia (Type A) share several, possibly plesiomorphic features of Loranthaceae such as a more or less prominently striate, well-developed margo (a), an essentially trilobate (b, modified in Tristerix) or convex-triangular (b′) outline in polar view, and a distinct (micro)baculate to -echinate mesocolpial sculpturing (c). White arrows indicate the position of colpi in Tupeia, all images are proportionally scaled to illustrate size differences. Abbreviations: [G], Gaiadendreae; [Nu], Nuytsieae; Psittacantheae: [L], Ligarinae; [No], Notantherinae; [P], Psittacanthinae (Aetanthus; misplaced due to a missing data artefact, see text); [T], Tupeinae.