Table 5. Risk of the elevation of liver enzymes in separate age group a using multiple logistic regression model.
| Variable (Referent) | AST (>45 U/L) | ALT (>45 U/L) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Category | Odds ratio | 95% CI | Odds ratio | 95% CI | |
| 10 | Sex (Girl) | Boy | 1.71 | 1.29–2.25 | 1.45 | 1.21–1.75 |
| Frequency of metabolic risk profile b (0) | 1 | 1.65 | 1.13–2.40 | 1.67 | 1.30–2.14 | |
| 2 | 2.61 | 1.78–3.81 | 2.49 | 1.92–3.23 | ||
| 3 | 2.77 | 1.64–4.69 | 3.42 | 2.37–4.92 | ||
| 4 | 5.03 | 0.58–43.31 | 2.07 | 0.24–17.83 | ||
| Vegetables/week (No) | 1~2 times | 0.63 | 0.42–0.95 | — | ||
| 3~5 times | 0.74 | 0.49–1.12 | ||||
| Everyday | 0.56 | 0.36–0.87 | ||||
| Meat/week (No) | 1~2 times | — | 1.49 | 1.01–2.19 | ||
| 3~5 times | 1.80 | 1.20–2.70 | ||||
| Everyday | 1.13 | 0.56–2.28 | ||||
| Average amount of sleep/day (<6hours) | 6~7 hours | — | 0.88 | 0.61–1.27 | ||
| 7~8 hours | 0.72 | 0.52–0.99 | ||||
| >8 hours | 0.68 | 0.49–0.95 | ||||
| Self-image of body shape (Normal) | Fat | 1.12 | 0.78–1.62 | 0.95 | 0.75–1.21 | |
| Very fat | 1.50 | 1.04–2.16 | 1.22 | 0.95–1.56 | ||
| ≥2 hours/day of computer game (No) | Yes | — | 1.34 | 1.10–1.63 | ||
| ≥2 hours/day of watching TV c (No) | Yes | 1.59 | 1.26–2.01 | 1.36 | 1.15–1.61 | |
| 13 or 16 | Sex (Girl) | Boy | 3.64 | 3.01–4.34 | 4.56 | 3.96–5.24 |
| Frequency of metabolic risk profile b (0) | 1 | 1.54 | 0.95–2.50 | 2.45 | 1.58–3.78 | |
| 2 | 3.28 | 2.04–5.30 | 4.95 | 3.21–7.63 | ||
| 3 | 4.31 | 2.62–7.10 | 7.35 | 4.70–11.51 | ||
| 4 | 7.34 | 3.83–14.10 | 9.23 | 4.97–17.14 | ||
| Beverage/week (No) | 1~2 times | — | 1.10 | 0.93–1.29 | ||
| 3~5 times | 1.29 | 1.08–1.54 | ||||
| Everyday | 1.14 | 0.82–1.60 | ||||
| Self-image of body shape (Normal) | Fat | 0.84 | 0.68–1.02 | 0.98 | 0.83–1.15 | |
| Very fat | 1.58 | 1.29–1.92 | 1.75 | 1.49–2.07 | ||
| No. of days a week for exercise d (No) | 1~2days | — | 0.96 | 0.84–1.09 | ||
| 3~4days | 0.94 | 0.80–1.09 | ||||
| ≥5days | 0.69 | 0.57–0.84 | ||||
| Need help from expert for alcohol or smoking problems d (No) | Yes | — | 1.45 | 1.02–2.06 | ||
AST = aspartate transaminase; ALT = alanine transaminase; CI = confidence interval
a age group is distinguished by separate questionnaire according to school year.
b includes obesity by BMI, hypertension, elevated fasting blood glucose and total cholesterol.
c question for elementary school students (7–12 years old)
d question for middle and high school students (13–18years old)