Table 1.
Summary of statistical analyses
| Wild-type (WT) |
Nhe6-null (MUT) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Figure, statistical test, and measure | Brain region | Time point, mo | Mean | SEM | n | Mean | SEM | n | Statistics |
| Fig. 1 | |||||||||
| Two-tailed Student’s ttest | |||||||||
| Area (cm2) | |||||||||
| Whole brain | 0 | 0.376 | 0.021 | 9 | 0.394 | 0.011 | 12 | p = 0.42 | |
| Whole brain | 1 | 1.015 | 0.012 | 11 | 1.030 | 0.030 | 7 | p = 0.61 | |
| Whole brain | 2 | 1.257 | 0.033 | 8 | 1.112 | 0.042 | 6 | p = 0.018 | |
| Whole brain | 6 | 1.326 | 0.011 | 7 | 1.243 | 0.011 | 6 | p = 0.00025 | |
| Whole brain | 23 | 1.105 | 0.013 | 4 | 1.0068 | 0.0073 | 5 | p = 0.00025 | |
| Cortex | 0 | 0.244 | 0.013 | 9 | 0.2499 | 0.0083 | 12 | p = 0.67 | |
| Cortex | 1 | 0.7527 | 0.0074 | 11 | 0.766 | 0.020 | 7 | p = 0.51 | |
| Cortex | 2 | 0.908 | 0.027 | 8 | 0.808 | 0.030 | 6 | p = 0.029 | |
| Cortex | 6 | 0.949 | 0.011 | 7 | 0.907 | 0.012 | 6 | p = 0.025 | |
| Cortex | 23 | 0.7723 | 0.0089 | 4 | 0.7501 | 0.0031 | 5 | p = 0.035 | |
| Cerebellum | 0 | 0.0316 | 0.0024 | 9 | 0.0323 | 0.0016 | 12 | p = 0.78 | |
| Cerebellum | 1 | 0.2188 | 0.0050 | 11 | 0.2210 | 0.0088 | 7 | p = 0.83 | |
| Cerebellum | 2 | 0.2913 | 0.0056 | 8 | 0.254 | 0.011 | 6 | p = 0.0067 | |
| Cerebellum | 6 | 0.3006 | 0.0037 | 7 | 0.2590 | 0.0059 | 6 | p = 7.5 × 10–5 | |
| Cerebellum | 23 | 0.2483 | 0.0078 | 4 | 0.1760 | 0.0057 | 5 | p = 0.00012 | |
| Cerebellum + midbrain | 0 | 0.153 | 0.014 | 9 | 0.1441 | 0.0029 | 12 | p = 0.49 | |
| Cerebellum + midbrain | 1 | 0.2619 | 0.0062 | 11 | 0.264 | 0.010 | 7 | p = 0.85 | |
| Cerebellum + midbrain | 2 | 0.3484 | 0.0083 | 8 | 0.304 | 0.016 | 6 | p = 0.021 | |
| Cerebellum + midbrain | 6 | 0.3776 | 0.0012 | 7 | 0.3365 | 0.0078 | 6 | p = 0.00015 | |
| Cerebellum + midbrain | 23 | 0.3124 | 0.0064 | 4 | 0.2368 | 0.0068 | 5 | p = 0.000096 | |
| Fig. 2 | |||||||||
| Two-tailed Student’s t test | |||||||||
| Thickness (mm) | Cortex | 22 | 1.210 | 0.029 | 3 | 1.090 | 0.018 | 3 | p = 0.025 |
| Area (mm2) | |||||||||
| Striatum | 22 | 4.689 | 0.030 | 3 | 4.062 | 0.045 | 3 | p = 0.00031 | |
| Hippocampus | 22 | 2.455 | 0.047 | 3 | 2.074 | 0.068 | 3 | p = 0.0098 | |
| Cerebellum | 22 | 7.128 | 0.014 | 2 | 4.586 | 0.089 | 4 | p = 4.6 × 10–5 | |
| Width (mm) | |||||||||
| Spinal cord (Region 1) | 22 | 1.890 | 0.073 | 2 | 1.491 | 0.073 | 2 | p = 0.060 | |
| Spinal cord (Region 2) | 22 | 1.987 | 0.080 | 2 | 1.845 | 0.033 | 2 | p = 0.24 | |
| Fig. 3 | |||||||||
| Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test | |||||||||
| Thickness (mm) | |||||||||
| Cortex | 2 | 1.154 | 0.018 | 3 | 1.126 | 0.029 | 3 | p = 0.84 | |
| Cortex | 22 | 1.210 | 0.029 | 3 | 1.090 | 0.018 | 3 | p = 0.035 | |
| Area (mm2) | |||||||||
| Striatum | 2 | 4.060 | 0.077 | 3 | 3.83 | 0.12 | 3 | p = 0.24 | |
| Striatum | 22 | 4.689 | 0.030 | 3 | 4.062 | 0.045 | 3 | p = 0.0021 | |
| Hippocampus | 2 | 2.199 | 0.011 | 3 | 2.113 | 0.062 | 3 | p = 0.66 | |
| Hippocampus | 22 | 2.455 | 0.047 | 3 | 2.074 | 0.068 | 3 | p = 0.0036 | |
| Cerebellum | 2 | 6.53 | 0.15 | 3 | 5.91 | 0.16 | 3 | p = 0.034 | |
| Cerebellum | 22 | 7.128 | 0.014 | 2 | 4.586 | 0.089 | 4 | p < 0.0001 | |
| Slopes generated from linear regression | |||||||||
| Thickness (mm) | |||||||||
| Cortex | 2–22 | 0.0028 | 0.0017 | –0.0018 | 0.0017 | p = 0.10 | |||
| Area (mm2) | |||||||||
| Striatum | 2–22 | 0.0315 | 0.0041 | 0.0116 | 0.0066 | p = 0.034 | |||
| Hippocampus | 2–22 | 0.0128 | 0.0024 | –0.0020 | 0.0046 | p = 0.021 | |||
| Cerebellum | 2–22 | 0.0300 | 0.0097 | –0.0661 | 0.0085 | p < 0.0001 | |||
| Fig. 4 | |||||||||
| Two-tailed Student’s t test | |||||||||
| PC density | Cerebellar vermis: Primary fissure | 5 | 2.94 | 0.13 | 3 | 1.99 | 0.24 | 3 | p = 0.03 |
| Calbindin signal | Cerebellar vermis: Primary fissure | 5 | 32.9 | 2.8 | 4 | 15.5 | 1.7 | 4 | p = 0.002 |
| PC density | Cerebellar vermis: Primary fissure | 11–13 | 3.28 | 0.28 | 5 | 0.77 | 0.26 | 4 | p < 0.001 |
| Calbindin signal | Cerebellar vermis: Primary fissure | 11–13 | 30.7 | 3.6 | 6 | 8.80 | 0.92 | 4 | p = 0.001 |
| PC density | Cerebellar vermis: Primary fissure | 5 and 11–13 | — | — | — | — | — | — | p = 0.006 |
| Calbindin signal | Cerebellar vermis: Primary fissure | 5 and 11–13 | — | — | — | — | — | — | p = 0.01 |
| Fig. 5 | |||||||||
| Two-tailed Student’s t test | |||||||||
| PC density | |||||||||
| Cerebellar vermis: Anterior lobe | 5 | 3.27 | 0.24 | 3 | 0.74 | 0.44 | 4 | p = 0.006 | |
| Cerebellar vermis: Flocculonodular lobe | 5 | 3.49 | 0.36 | 3 | 2.42 | 0.52 | 3 | p = 0.17 | |
| Cerebellar vermis: Anterior lobe | 11–13 | 3.22 | 0.30 | 4 | 0.21 | 0.13 | 3 | p < 0.001 | |
| Cerebellar vermis: Flocculonodular lobe | 11–13 | 3.31 | 0.43 | 4 | 2.78 | 0.51 | 3 | p = 0.46 | |
| One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test | |||||||||
| PC density | Cerebellar vermis: Primary fissure, Anterior lobe, Flocculonodular lobe | 5 and 11–13 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 11–13 mo MUT F(2,7) = 20.11 p = 0.001 |
| Fig. 6 | |||||||||
| Two-tailed Student’s t test | |||||||||
| PC density | |||||||||
| Periphery | 5 | 4.86 | 0.45 | 3 | 3.95 | 0.27 | 3 | WT vs. MUT p = 0.16 |
|
| Periphery | 5 | Periphery vs. Vermis in WT p = 0.02 |
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| Periphery | 5 | Periphery vs. Vermis in MUT p = 0.006 |
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| Fig. 7 | |||||||||
| Two-tailed Student’s t test | |||||||||
| PC density | |||||||||
| Cerebellar vermis: Primary fissure | 6 | 3.25 | 0.07 | 2 | 1.02 | 0.38 | 3 | p = 0.02 | |
| Cerebellar vermis: Anterior lobe | 6 | 3.80 | 0.12 | 2 | 0.84 | 0.58 | 3 | p = 0.03 | |
| Cerebellar vermis: Flocculonodular lobe | 6 | 3.51 | 0.43 | 2 | 3.24 | 0.54 | 3 | p = 0.75 | |
| One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test | |||||||||
| PC density | Cerebellar vermis: Primary fissure, Anterior lobe, Flocculonodular lobe | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
F(2,6) = 6.94 p = 0.03 |
| Fig. 8 | |||||||||
| Two-tailed Student’s t test | |||||||||
| PC density | Cerebellar vermis: Primary fissure | 5 | 3.05 | 0.35 | 3 | 0.83 | 0.45 | 4 | p = 0.007 |
| Calbindin signal | Cerebellar vermis: Primary fissure | 5 | 32.1 | 2.5 | 3 | 13.3 | 1.4 | 4 | p = 0.001 |
| Fig. 10 | |||||||||
| Two-tailed Student’s t test | |||||||||
| Microglia cell count | |||||||||
| Cortex | 22 | 159 | 15 | 3 | 219 | 10 | 4 | p = 0.019 | |
| Striatum | 22 | 398.7 | 5.6 | 3 | 568 | 30 | 4 | p = 0.0054 | |
| Hippocampus CA | 22 | 74.0 | 4.4 | 3 | 100.0 | 3.4 | 4 | p = 0.0048 | |
| Hippocampus DG | 22 | 56.0 | 6.7 | 3 | 67.3 | 3.9 | 4 | p = 0.18 | |
| Fig. 13 | |||||||||
| Two-tailed Student’s t test | |||||||||
| Size of CD68-positive puncta in Iba1-positive cells (μm2) | |||||||||
| Cortex | 22 | 19.76 | 0.49 | 3 | 28.0 | 2.0 | 3 | p = 0.015 | |
| Striatum | 22 | 20.5 | 2.0 | 3 | 29.9 | 4.0 | 3 | p = 0.11 | |
| Hippocampus DG | 22 | 7.2 | 2.2 | 3 | 10.8 | 2.5 | 3 | p = 0.34 | |
CA, cornu Ammonis; CD68, cluster of differentiation 68; DG, dentate gyrus; Iba1, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1; mo, month or months; MUT, Nhe6-null; PC, Purkinje cell; SEM, standard error of the mean; WT, wild-type.