Table 3. Baseline characteristics of patients with follow-up CT venography at 3–9 months (n=143).
| DVT (n=13) | Control (n=130) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 75 (68–79) | 65 (55–72) | 0.009 |
| Male sex | 1 (7.7) | 49 (37.7) | 0.034 |
| Ever-smokers | 2/13 (15.4) | 35/126 (27.8) | 0.513 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23 (21–26) | 25 (22–29) | 0.405 |
| Unprovoked PE | 7 (53.8) | 51 (39.2) | 0.306 |
| Risk factor for VTE | |||
| Surgery or trauma | 2 (15.4) | 53 (40.8) | 0.082 |
| Cancer | 2 (15.4) | 8 (6.2) | 0.226 |
| Immobilization | 4 (30.8) | 65 (50.0) | 0.248 |
| Previous VTE | 0 (0) | 4 (3.1) | >0.999 |
| Comorbid condition | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1 (7.7) | 20 (15.4) | 0.692 |
| Chronic lung disease* | 2 (15.4) | 9 (6.9) | 0.262 |
| Stroke | 2 (15.4) | 10 (7.7) | 0.299 |
| Heart disease† | 2 (15.4) | 11 (8.5) | 0.335 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1 (7.7) | 3 (2.3) | 0.320 |
| Arthritis | 2 (15.4) | 27 (20.8) | >0.999 |
| Varicose vein | 0 (0) | 2 (1.5) | >0.999 |
| Hormonal therapy | 0 (0) | 3 (2.3) | >0.999 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 120 (113–147) | 125 (111–140) | 0.746 |
| <90 | 1 (7.7) | 0 (0) | 0.091 |
| Heart rate, /min | 87 (71–109) | 84 (74–98) | 0.938 |
| Tachycardia, heart rate >110/min | 3 (23.1) | 9 (6.9) | 0.080 |
| PESI | 81 (71–99) | 71 (60–83) | 0.036 |
| PESI class IV–V | 1 (7.7) | 10 (7.7) | >0.999 |
| Thrombolytic therapy | 1 (7.7) | 5 (3.8) | 0.442 |
| Vena cava filter insertion | 0 (0) | 1 (0.8) | >0.999 |
| VTE recurrence | 2 (15.4) | 12 (9.2) | 0.617 |
| Adverse outcome | 1 (7.7) | 6 (4.6) | 0.495 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 1,169 (245–2,246)‡ | 244 (66–1,508)§ | 0.190 |
| Troponin I, ng/mL | 0.040 (0.040–0.110)∥ | 0.040 (0.015–0.129)¶ | 0.410 |
| Time interval of CT scans, day | 123 (104–197) | 146 (104–189) | 0.950 |
| Central PE** | 9 (69.2) | 43 (33.1) | 0.015 |
| RV/LV diameter ratio | 1.06 (0.76–1.30) | 0.92 (0.76–1.10) | 0.461 |
| RV dilation on initial CT | 8 (61.5) | 51 (39.2) | 0.119 |
| DVT at initial presentation | 11/13 (84.6) | 95/122 (77.9) | 0.734 |
| Proximal DVT at initial presentation | 7/13 (53.8) | 65/122 (53.3) | 0.969 |
Values are presented as median (interquartile range) or number (%).
CT: computed tomography; DVT: deep vein thrombosis; PE: pulmonary embolism; VTE: venous thromboembolism; BP: blood pressure; PESI: pulmonary embolism severity index; NT-proBNP: N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; RV: right ventricle; LV: left ventricle.
*Chronic lung disease includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, bronchiectasis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pneumoconiosis, and tuberculosis-destroyed lung. †Heart disease includes ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. ‡n=10. §n=85. ‖n=11. ¶n=103. **Central pulmonary arteries mean right or left pulmonary artery or more proximal location.