Table 1. Baseline characteristics of asthma, ACOS, and COPD.
| Characteristic | Asthma (n=138) | ACOS (n=46) | COPD (n=137) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 63.33±9.88* | 70.04±9.78 | 70.88±9.25† | <0.001 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 10 (7.2) | 23 (50.0) | 87 (63.5) | <0.001 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 17 (12.3) | 19 (41.3) | 76 (55.5) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.73±3.61* | 22.85±3.73 | 22.67±4.89† | <0.001 |
| T-score (lowest) | −2.49±1.09* | −3.07±1.31 | −2.98±1.38† | 0.001 |
| T-score (L1–4 mean) | −1.66±1.14* | −2.20±1.36 | −1.98±1.58† | 0.034 |
| T-score (femur total) | −0.67±0.10* | −1.46±1.17 | −1.42±1.15† | <0.001 |
| T-score (femur neck) | −1.73±1.10* | −2.22±1.18 | −2.17±1.22 | 0.004 |
| FEV1 predicted, % | 92.25±19.83* | 55.67±16.72 | 57.56±21.52† | <0.001 |
| BDR, % | 3.54±6.11* | 12.70±6.00‡ | 1.43±4.46† | <0.001 |
| CAT | - | 17.89±10.68 | 22.64±9.84 | 0.030 |
| ACT | 20.93±3.93 | 19.00±4.52 | - | 0.038 |
| Sputum eosinophil, % | 3.18±8.36 (n=28) | 6.43±7.25 (n=14) | 1.67±0.058 (n=8) | 0.391 |
| Total IgE, IU/mL | 230.77±296.71 (n=62) | 359.92±408.50 (n=17) | 110.01±110.00 (n=8) | 0.145 |
| Systemic steroid, % | 13.0 | 13.9 | 21.7 | 0.845 |
| ICS, % | 97.8* | 78.3‡ | 40.1† | <0.001 |
| LAMA, % | 4.3* | 76.1‡ | 91.2† | <0.001 |
Values are presented as the mean±SD unless otherwise indicated.
*Significant differences between patients with asthma and ACOS. †Significant differences between patients with asthma and COPD. ‡Significant differences between patients with ACOS and COPD.
ACOS: asthma-COPD overlap syndrome; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BMI: body mass index; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in the first second; BDR: bronchodilator response; CAT: COPD Assessment Test; ACT: Asthma Control Test; ICS: inhaled corticosteroid; LAMA: long-acting muscarinic antagonists.