Table 2. Associations of BMD (L1–4 mean) with other clinical parameters by multivariate linear regression.

	BMD (L1–4 mean)
	ACOS+Asthma		ACOS+COPD
	β±SE	p-value	β±SE	p-value
Age, yr	−0.157±0.001	0.023	−0.190±0.001	0.010
Male sex	0.407±0.026	<0.001	0.175±0.031	0.032
BMI, kg/m2	0.290±0.003	<0.001	0.334±0.004	<0.001
CAT	-	-	−0.319±0.002	<0.001
ACOS	−0.237±0.025	0.001	NS	NS

Multivariate linear regression with backward elimination was done and parameters were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, ICS use and diagnosis.

BMD: bone mineral density; ACOS: asthma-COPD overlap syndrome; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SE: standard errors; BMI: body mass index; CAT: COPD Assessment Test; NS: not significant.