Table 2.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Participants by Walking Activity Function, n=121
| Variable | No Difficulty Walking: No difficulty, no modification; n=27 | Modified Walking: No difficulty, uses modification; n=9 | Difficulty Walking: Activity difficulty; n=85 | Global p-value |
p-values from pairwise testing
|
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Difficulty vs. Modified | Difficulty vs. Modified | No Difficulty vs. Difficulty | ||||||
| Age, years | 63 (58.0, 73.0) | 60 (55.0, 62.0) | 59 (52.0, 67.0) | 0.31 | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| Sex, N (%) | Female | 23(85.2) | 8(88.9) | 57(67.1) | 0.11 | |||
| Male | 4(14.8) | 1(11.1) | 28(32.9) | |||||
|
| ||||||||
| Pain duration, years; | 5.0 (3.0, 9.5) | 10.0 (3.0, 12.0) | 5.0 (3.0,10.0) | 0.71 | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| Race, N (%) | White | 14(51.9) | 8(88.9) | 50(58.8) | 0.003 | 0.11 | 0.21 | 0.0009 |
| Black | 5(18.5) | 1(11.1) | 31(36.5) | |||||
| Other | 8(29.6) | 0(0) | 4(4.7) | |||||
|
| ||||||||
| Education N (%) | <=High school | 5(18.5) | 1(11.1) | 14(16.5) | 0.92 | |||
| At least some College | 22(81.5) | 8(88.9) | 71(83.5) | |||||
|
| ||||||||
| Kellgren/Lawrence Grade | 0–1* | 4(15.4) | 2(22.2) | 3(7.6) | 0.02 | 1.0 | 0.07 | 0.02 |
| 2 | 12(46.1) | 4(44.4) | 16(39.8) | |||||
| 3 | 9(34.6) | 3(33.3) | 12(33.9) | |||||
| 4 | 1(3.9) | 0(0) | 1(18.6) | |||||
|
| ||||||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.9 (25.9, 36.4) | 36.1 (30.6, 40.1) | 32.0 (27.5, 35.9) | 0.12 | ||||
|
| ||||||||
|
WOMAC Pain Score Range, 0–500mm |
29.2 (13.0, 75.9) | 102.0 (65.0, 183.5) | 100.0 (43.9, 194.0) | 0.001 | 0.05 | 0.75 | 0.0001 | |
|
| ||||||||
|
WOMAC Function Score Range, 0–1700mm |
80.5 (50.4, 227.0) | 263.0 (147.5, 698.4) | 329.5 (182.0, 752.5) | <0.0001 | 0.04 | 0.72 | <0.0001 | |
|
| ||||||||
|
WOMAC Stiffness Score Range, 0–200mm |
8.5 (7.0, 31.5) | 77.0 (14.6, 108.0) | 42.5 (23.2, 105.0) | 0.0003 | 0.01 | 0.48 | 0.0001 | |
|
| ||||||||
|
Patient Global Assessment Score Range, 0.0–10.0 |
1.3 (0.5, 2.7) | 3.8 (3.2, 5.6) | 3.4 (1.6, 5.0) | 0.004 | 0.01 | 0.27 | 0.003 | |
|
| ||||||||
| 20 meter gait speed#, m/s | 1.32 (1.19, 1.45) | 1.27 (1.02, 1.53) | 1.18 (1.00, 1.32) | 0.07 | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| 6 Minute Walk#, meters | 441.1 (405.3, 522.2) | 440.7 (351.9, 469.2) | 417.5 (364.1, 453.1) | 0.11 | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| 10 Repetition Chair Stand Test, seconds | 26.1 (19.9, 29.2) | 26.2 (22.3, 31.7) | 26.2 (21.6, 32.9) | 0.74 | ||||
|
| ||||||||
|
Berg Balance Score Range, 0–56# |
53.0 (52.0, 54.5) | 49.0 (47.0, 53.0) | 54.0 (51.0, 54.0) | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.96 | |
|
| ||||||||
| 1RM Leg Extensor Muscle Strength, newtons# | 1045.4 (825.5, 1300.0) | 1019.0 (826.7, 1048.6) | 948.4 (724.2, 1276.7) | 0.65 | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| Muscle Contraction Velocity, meters/second (40% of 1RM)# | 0.4 (0.4, 0.6) | 0.5 (0.4, 0.6) | 0.5 (0.5, 0.6) | 0.47 | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| Muscle Contraction Velocity, meters/second (70% of 1RM)# | 0.3 (0.2, 0.4) | 0.4 (0.3, 0.4) | 0.4 (0.3, 0.5) | 0.13 | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| Muscle Power watts (40% of 1RM)# | 241.7 (189.7, 408.9) | 245.5 (178.8, 342.0) | 282.7 (207.5, 362.6) | 0.72 | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| Muscle Power watts (70% of 1RM)# | 265.7 (223.8, 367.9) | 319.3 (248.2, 375.9) | 309.2 (236.2, 415.7) | 0.74 | ||||
1RM= one-repetition maximum; WOMAC= Western Ontario and McMasters Osteoarthritis Index. Values are median (25th, 75th percentiles) unless stated otherwise.
*
Osteophyte was confirmed in the patellofemoral joint region for those with Kellgren/Lawrence grade 0 or 1.
#
Higher score indicates greater health.