Table 3.
Comparing Patients Characteristics of Poor Recovery with Good Recovery pattern groups
| Characteristics of Survivors | Poor Recovery Pattern, % (n) 62.5% (n=70) |
Good Recovery Pattern, % (n) 37.5% (n=42) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age >70 years | 40 (28) | 17 (7) | 0.002 |
| BMI, (mean±SD) | 28±7 | 28±8 | 0.88 |
| Men | 49 (34) | 74 (31) | 0.02 |
|
| |||
| Race | 0.01 | ||
| Caucasian | 30 (21) | 55 (23) | |
| Black | 29 (20) | 19 (8) | |
| Hispanic | 40 (28) | 26 (11) | |
| Asian | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | |
|
| |||
| Pre-arrest comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 53 (37) | 55 (23) | 0.94 |
| Heart Failure | 26 (18) | 21 (9) | 0.66 |
| Myocardial infarction | 20 (14) | 14 (6) | 0.48 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 30 (21) | 24 (10) | 0.2 |
| COPD | 16 (11) | 12 (5) | 0.2 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 13 (9) | 12 (5) | 0.92 |
| Renal disease | 23 (16) | 21 (9) | 0.92 |
| Liver disease | 7 (5) | 5 (2) | 0.64 |
| Dementia | 10 (7) | 10 (4) | 0.63 |
| Malignancy | 7 (5) | 2 (1) | 0.29 |
|
| |||
| Cumulative Charlson Index, median (IQR) | 3 (1–5) | 4 (2–7) | 0.01 |
|
| |||
| Smoking status | 0.21 | ||
| Never smoker | 44 (31) | 38 (16) | |
| Past smoker | 36 (25) | 31 (13) | |
| Current smoker | 20 (14) | 31 (13) | |
|
| |||
| Pre-event Living Environment | 0.008 | ||
| Home, unassisted | 60 (42) | 86 (36) | |
| Home, assisted with ADLs | 30 (21) | 10 (4) | |
| Institutionalized, partially dependent ADLs | 1 (1) | 5 (2) | |
| Institutionalized, fully dependent ADLs | 9 (6) | 0 (0) | |
|
| |||
| Pre-arrest CPC | 0.36 | ||
| CPC 1 | 71 (50) | 74 (31) | |
| CPC 2 | 13 (9) | 19 (8) | |
| CPC 3 | 14 (10) | 5 (2) | |
| CPC 4 | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | |
|
| |||
| Arrest Site | 0.63 | ||
| Out of hospital cardiac arrest | 63 (44) | 67 (28) | |
| In-hospital cardiac arrest | 37 (26) | 33 (14) | |
|
| |||
| Witnessed cardiac arrest | 86 (60) | 86 (36) | 0.87 |
| Bystander CPR | 19 (13) | 26 (11) | 0.86 |
| Time to ROSC, (mean±SD) | 19±15 | 14±10 | 0.14 |
| Initial Rhythm | |||
| Initial Rhythm, % (n) | 0.21 | ||
| Ventricular Fibrillation | 37 (26) | 50 (21) | |
| Pulseless electrical activity | 43 (30) | 33 (14) | |
| Asystole | 16 (11) | 10 (4) | |
| Unknown rhytm | 4 (3) | 4 (3) | |
| TTM | 83 (58) | 69 (29) | 0.34 |
| Defibrillation | 39 (27) | 60 (25) | 0.13 |
| Pneumonia | 51 (36) | 45 (19) | 0.9 |
|
| |||
| Insurance | 0.35 | ||
| Self-pay | 11 (8) | 12 (5) | |
| Medicare | 23 (16) | 21 (9) | |
| Medicaid | 21 (15) | 14 (6) | |
| Medicare + Medicaid | 26 (18) | 19 (8) | |
| Private | 19 (13) | 33 (14) | |
|
| |||
| Discharge disposition | <0.001 | ||
| Home with no services | 6 (4) | 27 (12) | |
| Home with services | 17 (12) | 13 (6) | |
| Acute Rehabilitation Program | 26 (18) | 47 (21) | |
| Sub-acute Nursing Facility | 51 (35) | 13 (6) | |
|
| |||
| Annual Income in dollars | 0.64 | ||
| <45,000 | 57 (40) | 48 (20) | |
| >45,000 | 43 (30) | 52 (22) | |
|
| |||
| Neuron Specific Enolase-Day3 ( ng/mL) | 0.9 | ||
| <33 | 64 (21) | 89 (16) | |
| >33 | 36 (11) | 11 (2) | |
| ICU Length of stay, median (IQR) Hospital Length of stay, median (IQR) | 8.5 (6–20) | 13.5 (8–26) | 0.07 |
| Hospital Length of stay, median (IQR) | 20 (13–27) | 24.5 (13.5–34) | 0.2 |
*
BMI: body mass index (kg/m2)
†
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
‡
ADL: Activity of daily living
§
CPC: cerebral performance category score
‖
ROSC: return of spontaneous circulation
#
TTM: targeted temperature management