Table 3.

Item Parameter Estimates for 4 Upper Extremity Items with Differential Item Functioning by Language

Item	Discrimination	1st Threshold	2nd Threshold	3rd Threshold	4th Threshold
F1_UE3: I could hold an empty cup	2.48	−3.55	−2.99	−2.69	—
	4.04	−3.15	−2.48	−1.76	—
F3_UE9: I could pull open heavy doors	2.25	−2.93	−2.50	−1.92	−0.70
	2.66	−4.52	−3.42	−2.45	−1.46
F4_UE1: I could open a jar by myself	1.67	−3.85	−2.97	−2.26	−0.75
	2.54	−4.32	−3.23	−2.43	−1.36
F4_UE10 I could pour a drink from a full pitcher.	1.89	−3.65	−2.95	−2.40	−1.22
	2.96	−4.11	−3.25	−2.50	−1.62

Note: English parameters from DeWitt et al. (2011) are shown followed by parameters for Spanish sample after transformation to English-language metric. 1^st Threshold = Theta needed for 50% chance of responding with a lot of trouble, with some trouble, with a little trouble, or with no trouble; 2^nd Threshold = Theta needed for 50% chance of responding with some trouble, with a little trouble, or with no trouble;

3rd Threshold = Theta needed for 50% chance of responding with a little trouble, or with no trouble; 4^th Threshold = Theta needed for 50% chance of responding with no trouble. never, and never.