Figure 1.
Total proportion of variance in each outcome explained by genetic (A) and environmental (C or E) factors. Estimates for testosterone and estradiol are from a bivariate model that allowed for quantitative sex differences in all paths and qualitative sex differences in testosterone. Pubertal status results are from a univariate model that allowed for quantitative and qualitative sex differences. Female-restricted participants were off hormonal contraceptives, and in the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle.