Table 3.
Association between sodium excretion, potassium excretion, and their ratio, with blood pressure among adults aged 20–69 years, NHANES 2014.
| SBP | DBP | MidBP | |
|---|---|---|---|
| β-coefficient (95% CI) | β-coefficient (95% CI) | β-coefficient (95% CI) | |
| Sodium excretion | |||
| Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity | 4.85* (2.88, 6.82) | 2.08* (0.60,3.56) | 3.47* (2.07, 4.86) |
| Fully adjusted model | 4.58* (2.64, 6.51) | 2.25* (0.83, 3.67) | 3.41* (1.97, 4.86) |
| Potassium excretion | |||
| Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity | −4.21* (−6.52, −1.91) | −0.16 (−1.83,1.52) | −2.19* (−3.55, −0.82) |
| Fully adjusted model | −3.72* (−6.01, −1.42) | −0.25 (−1.91, 1.42) | −1.98* (−3.37, −0.59) |
| Sodium-to-potassium ratio | |||
| Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity | 2.06* (1.06, 3.06) | 0.43 (−0.41, 1.27) | 1.24* (0.55, 1.94) |
| Fully adjusted model | 1.72* (0.76, 2.68) | 0.30 (−0.53,1.12) | 1.01* (0.31, 1.71) |
indicates p<0.01 for β-coefficient in the regression model.
β-coefficients for usual sodium and potassium indicate change in mmHg of blood pressure associated with 1000mg/d change in excretion; β-coefficient for sodium-to-potassium ratio represents change in mmHg of blood pressure associated with 0.5 unit change in molar ratio.
Mid blood pressure = (SBP + DBP)/2
Fully adjusted models included age, sex, race/ethnicity plus BMI, education, history of CVD, diabetes status, chronic kidney disease, smoking status, and physical activity. In addition, models examining sodium excretion simultaneously adjusted for potassium excretion, and vice versa.