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. 2017 Sep 15;73(2):134–144. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210134

Figure 6.

Figure 6

NETs stimulate an inflammatory response from macrophages and this is exaggerated in CF. (A) Scanning electron microscopy of bronchus from patient with explanted CF lung showing characteristic strands of NET-like material associated with neutrophils and bacteria. (B) Outline of novel NET/MDM coculture system. (C) NETs are proinflammatory to MDMs, causing an increase in IL-8 production after 24 hours of coculture and this effect is more pronounced with CF MDMs (n=8 CF and 7 healthy MDM donors, for patient details see online supplementary table E3). (D) NETs induce TNF production from MDMs. (E) NETs induce CCL17 expression in healthy and CF MDMs. (F) NETs induce a non-significant increase in CXCL-9 expression in healthy controls, whereas CXCL-9 is overexpressed at baseline in CF. Data presented as mean±SEM. Analysis by one-way analysis of variance with Newman-Keuls post-test (C–F). **p<0.01; ***p<0.001. CCL, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand; CF, cystic fibrosis; CXCL, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand; IL, interleukin; MDM, monocyte-derived macrophage; NET, neutrophil extracellular trap; PMA, phorbol myristate acetate; TNF, tumour necrosis factor; WT, wild type.