Table 2.
Demographic, lifestyle, and reproductive history by hsCRP level in three cohorts of reproductive age, U.S. women.a
| BioCycle | EAGeR | NHANESb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low, hsCRP <2 | High, hsCRP 2–9.9 | Low CRP hsCRP <2 | High, hsCRP 2–9.9 | Low CRP hsCRP <2 | High, hsCRP 2–9.9 | |
| N=196 | N=52 | N=773 | N=370 | N=763 | N=510 | |
| hsCRP, mg/Lc | 0.5 (0.4) | 3.6 (1.4) | 0.6 (0.5) | 3.9 (1.6) | 0.5 (0.02) | 3.9 (0.1) |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age, y | 26.3 (7.9) | 30.4 (8.5) | 28.5 (4.7) | 29.2 (5.0) | 29.8 (0.3) | 30.6 (0.3) |
| Race: white (vs. non-white) | 56.6 | 71.2* | 94.0 | 96.2 | 61.9 | 56.4 |
| Marital status: married or living with partner | 21.4 | 38.5 | 98.3 | 95.9 | 62.2 | 64.8 |
| Education ≥ High School | 100 | 100 | 98.8 | 97.5 | 84.2 | 76.7 |
| Annual Household Income | ||||||
| ≥ $75,000 | 25.8 | 26.9 | 55.4 | 47.3 | 26.7 | 21.4 |
| $20,000–$74,999 | 49.5 | 61.5 | 37.2 | 44.3 | 57.1 | 57.3 |
| ≤ $19,999 | 24.7 | 11.5 | 7.4 | 8.4 | 16.2 | 21.3 |
| Currently employed | 81.7 | 81.3 | 75.1 | 76.9 | 71.1 | 66.4* |
| Health & Lifestyle | ||||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.1 (3.3) | 26.9 (4.1) | 23.9 (4.5) | 30.2 (6.4) | 24.2 (0.2) | 31.4 (0.4) |
| Waist circumference, cm | 72.5 (7.3) | 81.0 (9.1) | 81.4 (11.3) | 96.0 (15.8) | 83.4 (0.5) | 99.6 (1.0) |
| Current smoker | 4.1 | 3.8 | 11.2 | 13.9 | 22.4 | 31.0 |
| Physical Activity | ||||||
| Low | 9.7 | 9.6 | 24.1 | 28.6 | 42.2 | 33.9 |
| Moderate | 38.3 | 28.8 | 41.8 | 39.5 | 48.2 | 58.8 |
| High | 52.0 | 61.5 | 34.2 | 31.9 | 9.6 | 7.4 |
| Sleep duration <6 hours | 6.2 | 5.9 | 2.0 | 4.1 | 10.2 | 19.5 |
| Blood pressure, mmHg | ||||||
| Systolic | 98.5 (8.6) | 101.1 (8.1)* | 109.4 (11.0) | 115.2 (12.8) | 108.0 (0.5) | 112.2 (0.7) |
| Diastolic | 60.8 (8.1) | 61.8 (8.4) | 71.2 (11.9) | 75.2 (9.6) | 66.5 (0.4) | 67.8 (0.7)* |
| Pulse, bpm | 69.7 (8.2) | 68.6 (7.3) | 71.6 (10.6) | 75.4 (13.1) | 75.6 (0.6) | 77.8 (0.6) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dLd,e | 159 (143, 175) | 168 (152, 187) | 161 (145, 180) | 167 (150, 191) | 174 (154, 195) | 183 (164, 211) |
| HDL, mg/dLd,e | 49 (41, 58) | 47 (42, 57) | 52 (45, 60) | 45 (39, 53) | 60 (50, 69) | 50 (44, 58) |
| LDL, mg/dLd,e | 98 (84, 112) | 107 (92, 124)* | 97 (81, 113) | 106 (88, 123) | 95 (80, 114) | 110 (91, 134) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dLd,e | 50 (38, 69) | 60 (46, 84) | 92 (68, 125) | 124 (86, 185) | 72 (54, 100) | 106 (73, 144) |
| Glucose, mg/dLd,e | 84 (81, 89) | 87 (82, 91) | 80 (72, 86) | 83 (76, 91) | 90 (86, 96) | 94 (89, 100) |
| Insulin, μU/mLd,e | 6 (4, 8) | 6 (5, 10) | 10 (6, 18) | 15 (8, 29) | 6 (4, 9) | 10 (8, 17) |
| Reproductive Health History | ||||||
| Age at menarche, y | 12.4 (1.2) | 12.5 (1.5) | 12.8 (1.5) | 12.8 (4.8) | 12.7 (0.1) | 12.4 (0.1) |
| Parous | 21.1 | 40.4 | 51.5 | 57.0 | 66.1 | 72.3 |
| Number of live births | ||||||
| 0 | 78.9 | 59.6 | 48.5 | 43.0 | 33.9 | 27.7 |
| 1 | 4.2 | 9.6 | 35.7 | 37.0 | 18.6 | 18.5 |
| 2 | 10.5 | 9.6 | 15.8 | 20.0 | 27.7 | 25.2 |
| ≥ 3 | 6.3 | 21.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 19.8 | 28.6 |
| Number of pregnancies not ending in live birth | ||||||
| 0 | 94.0 | 93.3 | 0.0 | 0.0* | 67.5 | 69.3 |
| 1 | 6.0 | 6.7 | 69.2 | 64.1* | 19.3 | 16.2 |
| 2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 30.8 | 35.9* | 8.6 | 7.4 |
| ≥ 3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0* | 4.5 | 7.1 |
Data are % and mean (standard deviation), unless otherwise noted. Significant differences (P<0.05) noted in bold font; and
indicates marginal difference (P<0.10) between low and high hsCRP for a given characteristic within an individual study population. Significant testing was conducted using Fisher exact test for categorical variables; t-test for parametric continuous variables (e.g. age); Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U test for biomarkers in Biocycle and EAGeR studies, and F-test for natural-log-transformed biomarkers in NHANES study.
NHANES cohort excluding women using hormonal contraception; use of hormonal contraceptives was an exclusion criteria for BioCycle and EAGeR.
Statistics are presented as geometric mean (SD).
Statistics are presented as median (IQR).
BioCycle and NHANES 2005–2008 biomarker measure is a fasting value; EAGeR is not a fasting value.