Table 3.
Regression coefficients (95% confidence intervals) describing predictors of log(hsCRP) within each cohort of reproductive age, U.S. women with hsCRP < 10 mg/L).a
| Characteristics | BioCycle | EAGeR | NHANESb 2005–2008 |
|---|---|---|---|
| N=250 | N=1165 | N=579 | |
| Demographics | |||
| Age, y | 0.00 (−0.02, 0.03) | 0.01 (0.00, 0.02) | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.04) |
| Race, white (vs. non-white) | 0.25 (−0.04, 0.54) | 0.28 (0.03, 0.54) | −0.09 (−0.30, 0.12) |
| Marital status, married or living with partner | −0.11 (−0.51, 0.28) | −0.13 (−0.52, 0.26) | 0.01 (−0.19, 0.22) |
| Education ≥ High School | –c | 0.21 (−0.24, 0.66) | −0.26 (−0.46, −0.06) |
| Annual Household Income | |||
| ≥ $75,000 | −0.09 (−0.38, 0.21) | −0.06 (−0.17, 0.06) | −0.04 (−0.31, 0.23) |
| $20,000–$74,999 | 0.00 (ref) | 0.00 (ref) | 0.00 (ref) |
| ≤ $19,999 | −0.02 (−0.34, 0.31) | −0.19 (−0.42, 0.04) | −0.01 (−0.25, 0.24) |
| Currently employed (vs. not employed) | 0.15 (−0.17, 0.47) | 0.01 (−0.13, 0.15) | −0.20 (−0.39, −0.01) |
| Health & Lifestyle | |||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0.09 (0.03, 0.15) | 0.05 (0.03, 0.07) | 0.04 (0.01, 0.07) |
| Waist circumference, cm | 0.03 (−0.01, 0.06) | 0.01 (0.00, 0.02) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.04) |
| Current smoker | −0.02 (−0.64, 0.61) | −0.01 (−0.19, 0.18) | 0.16 (−0.01, 0.42) |
| Physical Activity | |||
| Low (Walking) | 0.15 (−0.28, 0.57) | 0.03 (−0.11, 0.17) | −0.06 (−0.32, 0.19) |
| Moderate (Moderate) | 0.00 (ref) | 0.00 (ref) | 0.00 (ref) |
| High (Vigorous) | 0.16 (−0.10, 0.43) | −0.03 (−0.16, 0.10) | −0.14 (−0.48, 0.20) |
| Sleep duration <6 hours/night (vs. ≥6) | −0.31 (−0.83, 0.22) | 0.32 (−0.03, 0.67) | −0.03 (−0.30, 0.24) |
| Blood pressure, mmHg | |||
| Systolic | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.02) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.01) | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.01) |
| Diastolic | −0.02 (−0.04, 0.01) | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.01) | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.01) |
| Pulse, bpm | 0.00 (−0.02, 0.02) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.01) | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.01) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dLd | 5.70 (−0.93, 12.30) | −0.57 (−1.61, 0.46) | 0.96 (−1.89, 3.80) |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dLd | −1.56 (−3.77, 0.66) | −0.11 (−0.55, 0.32) | −0.74 (−1.63, 0.15) |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL d | −3.40 (−7.40, 0.61) | 0.39 (−0.17, 0.96) | −0.22 (−1.85, 1.41) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dLd | −0.41 (−1.01, 0.20) | 0.19 (−0.04, 0.41) | −0.14 (−0.49, 0.22) |
| Glucose, mg/dLd | 1.93 (0.12, 3.74) | 0.26 (−0.13, 0.64) | 0.20 (−0.47, 0.86) |
| Insulin, μU/mLd | −0.06 (−0.33, 0.21) | 0.02 (−0.06, 0.11) | 0.01 (−0.17, 0.19) |
| Reproductive Health History | |||
| Parous | 0.29 (−0.16, 0.73) | 0.02 (−0.10, 0.14) | 0.12 (−0.20, 0.43) |
| R2 | 0.34 | 0.28 | 0.46 |
Statistics are β estimates (95% CI) from a linear model with natural log(hsCRP) as the dependent variable and all variables listed in the first column entered as independent variables. All biomarkers were log-transformed for analysis. Missing data were imputed via a multiple imputation procedure that produced 20 replicates, and the results from each cohort were summarized over these replicates. Significant associations are bolded.
NHANES cohort excluding women using hormonal contraception; use of hormonal contraceptives was an exclusion criteria for BioCycle and EAGeR. The present analysis accounted for the NHANES multi-stage sampling scheme and our additional exclusion criteria with appropriate samplings weights and variables, producing results generalizable to U.S. women who meet these inclusion criteria.
All BioCycle participants eligible for the multivariable linear model had completed at least a high school education.
BioCycle and NHANES 2005–2008 biomarker measures are fasting (i.e., only women among the NHANES fasting subsample were included in this analysis); EAGeR biomarkers are not fasting.