Table 3.

Evidence in the peer-reviewed literature to support the face validity of the HCCs within each inferred cluster.

Cluster	Evidence of Associations in the Literature
C1	Birth trauma associated with fetal big size and fetal distress [40] Trauma in pregnancy [41–42]
C2	Late pregnancy and child birth [43] Mode of delivery in nulliparous women has an effect on neonatal intracranial injuries [44] Most fetal injuries occur in late pregnancy [45]
C3	Bone loss following hypogonadism with prostate cancer [38] The acid reflux-thyroid connection [39] Anemia associated with advanced prostate cancer [46]
C4	Tobacco and alcohol usage had increased risk of mortality for cerebrovascular disease and liver disease [47] Thrombotic complications in heart failure [48–49] Associations among diabetes, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease [50]