Table 1.

Overview of Locoregional Therapies

Name	Definition
Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA)	Thermal ablative technique that creates heat with medium frequency alternating current (in the range of 350–500 kHz) to destroy cancerous cells [34].
Microwave Ablation (MWA)	Thermal ablative technique using electromagnetic waves at 900 or 2450 mHz. Cell death is achieved through the repeated application of short duration high-voltage electrical pulses that create irreversible injuries to cellular membranes [1].
Cryoablation	Thermal ablative technique in which inserted probes are used to cause rapid gas expansion, generating subzero cytotoxic temperatures leading to cell death through repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Ethanol Ablation (PEA)	Image-guided direct injection of ethanol into a mass in order to effect chemically-induced coagulation necrosis of the tumor in situ.
Embolization (TAE)	Selective intra-arterial infusion of embolic agent (e.g. microspheres, polyvinyl alcohol, gelfoam) into the branch(es) of the hepatic artery supplying the targeted tumor(s) in order to obstruct their blood flow, with the goal of inducing ischemia and necrosis.
Conventional Chemoembolization (TACE)	Selective intra-arterial infusion of a suspension consisting of one or more chemotherapeutic agents with ethiodized oil and an embolic agent [3].
Drug-eluting beads chemoembolization (DEB-TACE)	Selective intra-arterial administration of microspheres onto which chemotherapeutic medication is loaded or adsorbed with the intention of delivering a sustained in vivo release of drug while decreasing or obstructing the blood flow to the tumor(s) [3].
Radioembolization (TARE)	Selective intra-arterial infusion of radioactive microspheres into the arterial supply of a tumor with the goal of delivering a high dose of focused radiation to the tumor.
External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT)	Delivery of focused x-ray beams (or other particle beams at some centers) from external sources to targeted tumor and its margins. Hypofractionated, high-dose image-guided EBRT with complex treatment planning, referred to as Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) or Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR), is increasingly used for local control of HCC.