Table 3.

Results From Regressions Predicting Child Externalizing Behavior From the Unmatched and Matched Groups

	OLS regressions with unmatched samplesa								OLS regressions with matched samplesb
	Age 6 externalizing behavior problems				Age 8 externalizing behavior problems				Age 6 externalizing behavior problems				Age 8 externalizing behavior problems
	b	95% CI	β	p	b	95% CI	β	p	b	95% CI	β	p	b	95% CI	β	p
Spanked (vs. never spanked) by age 5	0.04	[0.00, 0.12]	0.06	.038	0.03	[–0.01, 0.10]	0.04	.139	0.04	[0.01, 0.11]	0.06	.023	0.04	[0.01, 0.12]	0.07	.014
Spanked in past week (vs. not spanked in past week) at age 5	0.03	[–0.00, 0.11]	0.05	.059	0.07	[0.05, 0.16]	0.11	< .001	0.02	[–0.01, 0.09]	0.04	.140	0.06	[0.04, 0.15]	0.09	< .001

Note: Spanking was mother rated; externalizing behavior problems was teacher rated. OLS = ordinary least squares, CI = confidence interval.

^aSample size for the regressions with unmatched spanked and never-spanked groups was 12,112. Sample size for the regressions with unmatched spanked-in-the-past-week and not-spanked-in-the-past-week groups was 9,629. These results were weighted to be nationally representative.

^bSample size for the regressions with matched spanked and never-spanked groups was roughly 12,082 (sample sizes varied across imputations). Sample size for the regressions with matched spanked-in-the-past-week and not-spanked-in-the-past-week groups was roughly 8,008 (sample sizes varied across imputations).