Table 1.

PERMANOVA analyses based on (a) Bray–Curtis and (b) Jaccard measures of square-root transformed relative abundances of OTUs associated to the surfaces of kelp in each habitat type (Ha, fixed; rocky reef ‘R’, seawalls ‘S’ and pilings ‘P’) and site (Si, random, nested in habitat, with four levels each)

		(a) Bray–Curtis			(b) Jaccard
Source	df	MS	Pseudo-F	P	MS	Pseudo-F	P
Ha	2	6946.2	2.1709	0.008	6527.9	1.6339	0.004
Si(Ha)	9	3199.7	2.0146	<0.001	3995.2	1.3491	<0.001
Res	36	1588.3			2961.3
Total	47

Pairwise tests: R ≠ P, S ≠ P, S = R (for Bray–Curtis and Jaccard)