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. 2018 Jan 3;6(1):e2. doi: 10.2196/mhealth.8719

Table 2.

Demographic and other pretreatment characteristics (intention-to-treat set) by total number of health consultations (n=405).

Demographic and other pretreatment characteristics Intervention group Control group (C) Between-group P value
≥5 times in total period (A) <5 times in total period (B) A-B A-C B-C
Age (years)

Total, n (%) 98 (24.2) 98 (24.2) 209 (51.6)



Mean (SDa) 49.45 (12.29) 44.64 (13.14) 50.36 (14.27) .009b .59b .001b

Median 50.50 44.00 52.00



Range 23.00-72.00 20.00-71.00 21.00-82.00

Range, n (%)


20-29 6 (6.1) 13 (13.3) 18 (8.6) .17c .67c .07c


30-39 19 (19.4) 25 (25.5) 40 (19.1)




40-49 19 (19.4) 22 (22.5) 33 (15.8)




50-59 33 (33.7) 22 (22.5) 61 (29.2)




≥60 21 (21.4) 16 (16.3) 57 (27.3)


Sex, n (%)

Total 98 (24.2) 98 (24.2) 209 (51.6)



Male 53 (54.1) 48 (49.0) 101 (48.3) .48c .35c .91c

Female 45 (45.9) 50 (51.0) 108 (51.7)


Body mass index (kg/m2)

Total, n (%) 98 (24.2) 98 (24.2) 209 (51.6)



Mean (SD) 28.82 (3.30) 29.50 (2.93) 29.40 (3.39) .13b .16b .8b

Median 28.00 29.00 28.90



Range 25.00-41.40 24.90-37.90 24.90-41.80


Body weight (kg)

Total, n (%) 98 (24.2) 98 (24.2) 209 (51.6)



Mean (SD) 79.00 (13.83) 81.17 (13.30) 79.74 (15.28) .26b .68b .46b

Median 77.25 80.95 76.90



Range 55.20-128.50 55.50-135.40 54.00-141.10


Height (cm)

Total, n (%) 98 (24.2) 98 (24.2) 209 (51.6)



Mean (SD) 165.17 (8.79) 165.47 (9.48) 164.12 (10.61) .82b .36b .28b

Median 167.00 165.35 163.00



Range 144.50-181.00 148.00-188.90 142.80-189.00


Smoking status, n (%)

Total 98 (24.2) 97 (24.2) 203 (51.6)



Nonsmoker 57 (58.2) 62 (63.9) 129 (63.6) .01c .01c .87c

Former smoker 33 (33.7) 17 (17.5) 40 (19.7)



Smoker 8 (8.2) 18 (18.6) 34 (16.8)


Drinking status, n (%)

Total 98 (24.2) 97 (24.2) 206 (51.6)



Nondrinker 33 (33.7) 38 (39.2) 84 (40.8) .36c .41c .72c

Former drinker 10 (10.2) 5 (5.2) 15 (7.3)



Drinker 55 (56.1) 54 (55.7) 107 (51.9)


Completed education level, n (%)

Total 98 (24.2) 98 (24.2) 209 (51.6)



Elementary school 1 (1.0) 3 (3.1) 21 (10.1) .37d .02c .04d

Middle school 4 (4.1) 5 (5.1) 15 (7.2)



High school 34 (34.7) 24 (24.5) 65 (31.1)



University 59 (60.2) 66 (67.4) 108 (51.7)


aSD: standard deviation

b2-sample t test.

cPearson chi-square test.

dFisher exact test.