Table 3.
Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) from binary logistic regression analysis with regard to being on sickness absence due to pain in the last 12 months as a dependent variable (yes vs. no), and three measures of socio-economic status as independent variables in those with severe pain, stepwise adjusted for socio-demographic and medical factors
| Model I | Model II | Model III | Model IV | Model V | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | R2 | OR | 95% CI | R2 | OR | 95% CI | R2 | OR | 95% CI | R2 | OR | 95% CI | R2 | |
| Income | |||||||||||||||
| 0–1500 | 1.62 | 1.29–2.03 | 0.009 | 1.57 | 1.24–1.98 | 0.018 | 1.54 | 1.22–1.95 | 0.022 | 1.54 | 1.22–1.95 | 0.023 | 1.52 | 1.20–1.92 | 0.026 |
| 1501–3000 | 1.27 | 1.03–1.57 | 1.26 | 1.02–1.55 | 1.24 | 1.01–1.54 | 1.24 | 1.01–1.54 | 1.22 | 0.99–1.51 | |||||
| 3001+ | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | |||||
| Sex | |||||||||||||||
| Female | – | – | 0.009 | 0.74 | 0.63–0.87 | 0.018 | 0.72 | 0.61–0.85 | 0.022 | 0.71 | 0.60–0.84 | 0.023 | 0.71 | 0.60–0.84 | 0.026 |
| Male | – | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | |||||
| Age (5 years) | – | – | 0.97 | 0.93–1.01 | 0.97 | 0.93–1.00 | 0.97 | 0.93–1.00 | 0.96 | 0.92–0.99 | |||||
| Family situation | |||||||||||||||
| Having a partner | – | – | 0.009 | 0.86 | 0.71–1.04 | 0.018 | 0.87 | 0.72–1.06 | 0.022 | 0.87 | 0.72–1.06 | 0.023 | 0.86 | 0.70–1.04 | 0.026 |
| No partner | – | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | |||||
| CMD a | – | – | – | – | 1.57 | 1.16–2.13 | 1.56 | 1.14–2.12 | 1.51 | 1.11–2.06 | |||||
| CSNMSD b | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.05 | 0.89–1.24 | 1.04 | 0.88–1.23 | |||||
| CMSD c | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.27 | 1.06–1.50 | |||||
| Occupation | |||||||||||||||
| Blue-collar workers | 1.27 | 1.07–1.51 | 0.030 | 1.20 | 1.00–1.43 | 0.037 | 1.18 | 0.98–1.41 | 0.041 | 1.18 | 0.98–1.41 | 0.041 | 1.14 | 0.95–1.37 | 0.044 |
| Self-employed | 0.40 | 0.30–0.55 | 0.41 | 0.30–0.55 | 0.41 | 0.30–0.55 | 0.41 | 0.30–0.55 | 0.41 | 0.30–0.55 | |||||
| White-collar workers | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | |||||
| Sex | |||||||||||||||
| Female | – | – | 0.030 | 0.77 | 0.65–0.91 | 0.037 | 0.75 | 0.63–0.88 | 0.041 | 0.74 | 0.63–0.88 | 0.041 | 0.74 | 0.62–0.88 | 0.044 |
| Male | – | – | 1 | 0.95–1.02 | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | |||||
| Age (5 years) | – | – | 0.98 | – | 0.98 | 0.94–1.02 | 0.98 | 0.94–1.02 | 0.97 | 0.93–1.01 | |||||
| Family situation | |||||||||||||||
| Having a partner | – | – | 0.030 | 0.82 | 0.68–1.00 | 0.037 | 0.84 | 0.69–1.01 | 0.041 | 0.84 | 0.69–1.01 | 0.041 | 0.82 | 0.68–1.00 | 0.044 |
| No partner | – | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | |||||
| CMD a | – | – | – | – | 1.52 | 1.12–2.07 | 1.51 | 1.11–2.07 | 1.47 | 1.08–2.01 | |||||
| CSNMSD b | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.03 | 0.87–1.22 | 1.02 | 0.86–1.21 | |||||
| CMSD c | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.26 | 1.06–1.50 | |||||
| Education | |||||||||||||||
| Primary education | 2.22 | 1.61–3.05 | 0.013 | 2.16 | 1.58–2.98 | 0.023 | 2.13 | 1.54–2.94 | 0.027 | 2.13 | 1.54–2.94 | 0.027 | 2.05 | 1.48–2.83 | 0.030 |
| Secondary education | 1.64 | 1.24–2.16 | 1.56 | 1.18–2.06 | 1.56 | 1.18–2.07 | 1.57 | 1.19–2.07 | 1.53 | 1.16–2.03 | |||||
| Tertiary education | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | |||||
| Sex | |||||||||||||||
| Female | – | – | 0.013 | 0.74 | 0.63–0.87 | 0.023 | 0.72 | 0.61–0.85 | 0.027 | 0.72 | 0.61–0.85 | 0.027 | 0.72 | 0.61–0.85 | 0.030 |
| Male | – | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | |||||
| Age (5 years) | – | – | 0.98 | 0.94–1.01 | 0.97 | 0.94–1.01 | 0.97 | 0.93–1.01 | 0.96 | 0.92–1.00 | |||||
| Family situation | |||||||||||||||
| Having a partner | – | – | 0.013 | 0.81 | 0.67–0.98 | 0.023 | 0.82 | 0.68–1.00 | 0.027 | 0.82 | 0.68–1.00 | 0.027 | 0.81 | 0.67–0.98 | 0.030 |
| No partner | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | |||||
| CMD a | – | – | – | – | 1.58 | 1.16–2.14 | 1.56 | 1.15–2.13 | 1.52 | 1.12–2.08 | |||||
| CSNMSD b | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.04 | 0.88–1.23 | 1.03 | 0.87–1.22 | |||||
| CMSD c | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.23 | 1.04–1.47 | |||||
Model I crude analysis
Model II adjusted for sex, age, and family status
Model III like model II and additionally adjusted for chronic mental diseases
Model IV like model III and additionally adjusted for chronic somatic non-musculoskeletal diseases
Model V like model IV and additionally adjusted for chronic musculoskeletal diseases
aChronic mental disease
bChronic somatic non-musculoskeletal disease
cChronic musculoskeletal disease