Table 3. Association of Fitness Change and Attendance in New York City Public Middle School Studentsa, 2006–2007 Through 2012–2013.
| Fitness Changeb | Unadjusted (Model 2)c, IRRd (95% CI) | Adjusted (Model 3)c , e, IRRd (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| >20% Increase | 1.13 (1.09–1.18) | 1.12 (1.07–1.17) |
| 10%–20% Increase | 1.08 (1.03–1.14) | 1.06 (1.01–1.11) |
| <10% Change | 1.06 (1.02–1.09) | 1.03 (0.989–1.07) |
| 10%–20% Decrease | 1.02 (0.97–1.06) | 1.00 (0.96–1.05) |
| >20% Decrease | 1 [Reference] | |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; IRR, incidence rate ratio.
a
N = 349,381 students in 6th, 7th, and 8th grades; 675,318 observations across 624 schools.
b
Change in fitness composite percentile scores based on Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) Push-up and Curl-up Fitnessgram tests from the year prior.
c
Based on 3-level longitudinal negative binomial mixed models.
d
All estimates, P < .001.
e
Adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, change in obesity status from the year prior, place of birth (United States or foreign country), school size, and school-area poverty, and including interactions grade*race/ethnicity, grade*sex, grade*place of birth, and school-area poverty*race/ethnicity.