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. 2018 Jan 17;8:1017. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19332-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Plasmin-catalyst VEGF cleavage experiment. Cartoons represent the VEGF in native state (top panel), and upon reduction with plasmin, which results in positively charged VEGF_111–165 domain (middle panel) and negatively charged VEGF_1–110 domain (bottom panel). (a,b) Representative events and the amplitude histogram of 20 nM VEGF at pH 7.2. Orange and red represent group A and B, respectively. (c) The dwell time histogram of group A events, tail fit by an exponential function to obtain the characteristic dwell time. (d,e) Translocation events after 15 min of adding plasmin. (f) The dwell time histogram of group A₁ events. (g,h) Translocations were also observed under a positive bias. (i) The dwell time histogram of group A₂ events.