Table 1.
Distribution of antithrombotic therapy at hospital discharge according to patient characteristics.
| Patient characteristics (% of total, n = 199) | Warfarin ± antiplatelets | NOACs ± antiplatelets | Antiplatelet ± other antiplatelet | No therapy | Total (n = 199) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total n (%) | 62 (31.2%) | 41 (20.6%) | 65 (32.7%) | 31 (15.6%) | 199 (100%) |
| Age group | |||||
| <65 years | 12 (6.0%) | 14 (7.0%) | 13 (6.5%) | 10 (5.0%) | 49 (24.6%) |
| 65–74 years | 16 (8.0%) | 13 (6.5%) | 15 (7.5%) | 3 (1.5%) | 46 (23.1%) |
| ⩾75 years | 34 (17.1%) | 14 (7.0%) | 38 (19.1%) | 18 (9.0%) | 104 (52.2%) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 33 (16.6%) | 26 (13.1%) | 34 (17.1%) | 15 (7.5%) | 108 (54.3%) |
| Female | 29 (14.6%) | 15 (7.5%) | 31 (15.6%) | 16 (8.0%) | 91 (45.7%) |
| Congestive cardiac failure | 15 (7.5%) | 4 (2.0%) | 15 (7.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | 35 (17.6%) |
| Hypertension | 41 (20.6%) | 29 (14.6%) | 41 (20.6%) | 20 (10.1%) | 131 (65.8%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 22 (11.05%) | 11 (5.5%) | 15 (7.5%) | 6 (3.0%) | 54 (27.1%) |
| History of stroke/TIA | 13 (6.5%) | 6 (3.0%) | 15 (7.5%) | 6 (3.0%) | 37 (18.6%) |
| Thromboembolic diseases | 7 (3.5%) | 2 (1.0%) | 5 (2.5%) | 6 (3.0%) | 20 (10.1%) |
| Vascular diseases | 29 (14.57%) | 14 (7.0%) | 34 (17.08%) | 8 (3.0%) | 85 (42.7%) |
| CHADS2 | |||||
| High (score ⩾ 2) | 44 (22.1%) | 22 (11.1%) | 38 (19.1%) | 19 (9.5%) | 123 (61.8%) |
| Intermediate (score = 1) | 11 (5.5%) | 14 (7.0%) | 18 (9.0%) | 4 (2.0%) | 47 (23.5%) |
| Low (score = 0) | 7 (3.5%) | 5 (2.5%) | 9 (4.5%) | 8 (4.0%) | 29 (14.5%) |
| CHA2DS2-VASc | |||||
| High (score ⩾ 2) | 57 (28.6%) | 32 (16.1%) | 56 (28.1%) | 23 (11.5%) | 168 (84.3%) |
| Intermediate (score = 1) | 3 (1.5%) | 6 (3.0%) | 5 (2.5%) | 2 (1.0%) | 16 (8.0%) |
| Low (score = 0) | 2 (1.0%) | 3 (1.5%) | 4 (2.0%) | 6 (3.0%) | 15 (7.5%) |
| Cognitive impairment | 4 (2.0%) | 3 (1.5%) | 18 (9.0%) | 9 (4.5%) | 34 (17.0%) |
| Uncontrolled hypertension | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | 2 (1.0%) | 1 (0.5%) | 5 (2.5%) |
| Low platelet | 2 (1.0%) | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (2.0%) |
| Anaemia | 4 (2.0%) | 1 (0.5%) | 8 (4.0%) | 6 (3.0%) | 19 (9.5%) |
| Ethanol abuse | 2 (0.5%) | 2 (1.0%) | 3 (1.5%) | 2 (1.0%) | 9 (4.5%) |
| Rebleeding risk | 5 (2.5%) | 2 (1.0%) | 6 (3.0%) | 7 (3.5%) | 20 (10.0%) |
| Excessive falls risk | 10 (5.0%) | 5 (2.5%) | 15 (7.5%) | 8 (4.0%) | 38 (19.0%) |
| Hepatic impairment | 2 (1.0%) | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | 4 (2.0%) | 8 (4.0%) |
| Renal impairment | 17 (8.5%) | 4 (2.0%) | 15 (7.5%) | 9 (4.5%) | 45 (22.5%) |
| Malignancy | 5 (2.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | 3 (1.5%) | 3 (1.5%) | 12 (6.0%) |
| Concomitant use of NSAIDs | 10 (5.0%) | 4 (2.0%) | 14 (7.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 28 (14.0%) |
| HAS-BLED | |||||
| Low (score = 0) | 8 (4.0%) | 12 (6.0%) | 14 (7.0%) | 7 (3.5%) | 41 (20.5%) |
| Intermediate (score = 1–2) | 47 (23.6%) | 28 (14.1%) | 45 (22.6%) | 20 (10.1%) | 140 (70.4%) |
| High (score ⩾ 3) | 7 (3.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | 6 (3.0%) | 4 (2.0%) | 18 (9.0%) |
| HEMORR2HAGES | |||||
| Low (score = 0–1) | 36 (18.1%) | 31 (15.5%) | 34 (17.1%) | 12 (6.0%) | 113 (56.7%) |
| Intermediate (score = 2–3) | 22 (11.1%) | 9 (4.5%) | 28 (14.1%) | 15 (7.5%) | 74 (37.2%) |
| High (score ⩾ 4) | 4 (2.0%) | 1 (0.5%) | 3 (1.5%) | 4 (2.0%) | 12 (6.0%) |
| Eligible patients (i.e. CHADS2-VASc = high and HAS-BLED = low–intermediate) | 51 (25.6%) | 31 (15.6%) | 51 (25.6%) | 20 (10.0%) | 153 (76.8%) |
| Most eligible patients (i.e. CHADS2-VASc ⩾ 2, HAS-BLED and HEMORR2HAGES = 0) | 6 (3.0%) | 6 (3.0%) | 7 (3.5%) | 2 (1.0%) | 21 (10.6%) |
| Special AF population (i.e. CHADS2-VASc = high and HAS-BLED = high) | 6 (3.0%) | 1 (0.5%) | 5 (2.5%) | 3 (1.5%) | 15 (7.5%) |
Uncontrolled hypertension defined as ‘systolic blood pressure (SBP) >160 mm Hg’. Renal impairment defined as ‘the presence of chronic dialysis or renal transplantation or serum creatinine ⩾ 200 µmol/l’. Hepatic impairment defined as ‘chronic hepatic disease (e.g. cirrhosis) or biochemical evidence of significant hepatic derangement (e.g. bilirubin >2 times ULN, in association with AST/ALT/alkaline phosphatase > 3 times ULN’.
NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; TIA, transient ischaemic attack. CHA2DS2VASc score, Congestive Cardiac Failure, Hypertension (,Age ⩾ 75 years, Age= 65-74 years, Diabetes Mellitus, Stroke/ Transient Ischaemic Attack/ Thromboembolism, Vascular disease, Sex female; CHADS2, Congestive Cardiac Failure, Hypertension, Age ⩾ 75 years, Diabetes Mellitus, Stroke/ Transient Ischeamic Attack/ Thromboembolism 2) HAS-BLED: Hypertension (>160 mmHg systolic), Renal Disease, Liver disease, History of stroke/ TIA, History of bleeding, Labile INR, Age>65 years, Concomitant use of NSAIDs; HEMMOR2HAGES, Hepatic/ Renal impairment, Alcohol abuse, History of Malignancy, Age > 75 years, Low platelet count, History of bleeding, Uncontrolled hypertension, Anaemia, Excessive risk of fall, History of stroke/ TIA.