Table 1.
General Characteristics of Participants in Study I and Study II (matched 1:4).
| Characteristics | Study I | Study II | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SSNHL (n, %) | Control group (n, %) | P-value | SSNHL (n, %) | Control group (n, %) | P-value | |
| Age (years old) | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
| 5–9 | 2 (0.0) | 8 (0.0) | 2 (0.0) | 8 (0.0) | ||
| 10–14 | 22 (0.5) | 88 (0.5) | 22 (0.5) | 88 (0.5) | ||
| 15–19 | 79 (1.8) | 316 (1.8) | 79 (1.8) | 316 (1.8) | ||
| 20–24 | 109 (2.4) | 436 (2.4) | 109 (2.4) | 436 (2.4) | ||
| 25–29 | 140 (3.1) | 560 (3.1) | 140 (3.1) | 560 (3.1) | ||
| 30–34 | 229 (5.1) | 916 (5.1) | 229 (5.1) | 916 (5.1) | ||
| 35–39 | 271 (6.1) | 1,084 (6.1) | 271 (6.1) | 1,084 (6.1) | ||
| 40–44 | 381 (8.5) | 1,524 (8.5) | 381 (8.5) | 1,524 (8.5) | ||
| 45–49 | 389 (8.7) | 1,556 (8.7) | 389 (8.7) | 1,556 (8.7) | ||
| 50–54 | 511 (11.4) | 2,044 (11.4) | 511 (11.4) | 2,044 (11.4) | ||
| 55–59 | 542 (12.1) | 2,168 (12.1) | 542 (12.1) | 2,168 (12.1) | ||
| 60–64 | 482 (10.8) | 1,928 (10.8) | 482 (10.8) | 1,928 (10.8) | ||
| 65–69 | 395 (8.8) | 1,580 (8.8) | 395 (8.8) | 1,580 (8.8) | ||
| 70–74 | 414 (9.3) | 1,656 (9.3) | 414 (9.3) | 1,656 (9.3) | ||
| 75–79 | 294 (6.6) | 1,176 (6.6) | 294 (6.6) | 1,176 (6.6) | ||
| 80–84 | 133 (3.0) | 532 (3.0) | 133 (3.0) | 532 (3.0) | ||
| 85+ | 74 (1.7) | 296 (1.7) | 74 (1.7) | 296 (1.7) | ||
| Sex | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
| Male | 1,967 (44.0) | 7,868 (44.0) | 1,967 (44.0) | 7,868 (44.0) | ||
| Female | 2,500 (56.0) | 10,000 (56.0) | 2,500 (56.0) | 10,000 (56.0) | ||
| Income | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
| 1 (lowest) | 79 (1.8) | 316 (1.8) | 79 (1.8) | 316 (1.8) | ||
| 2 | 282 (6.3) | 1128 (6.3) | 282 (6.3) | 1128 (6.3) | ||
| 3 | 296 (6.6) | 1,184 (6.6) | 296 (6.6) | 1,184 (6.6) | ||
| 4 | 262 (5.9) | 1,048 (5.9) | 262 (5.9) | 1,048 (5.9) | ||
| 5 | 309 (6.9) | 1,236 (6.9) | 309 (6.9) | 1,236 (6.9) | ||
| 6 | 325 (7.3) | 1,300 (7.3) | 325 (7.3) | 1,300 (7.3) | ||
| 7 | 431 (9.6) | 1,724 (9.6) | 431 (9.6) | 1,724 (9.6) | ||
| 8 | 423 (9.5) | 1,692 (9.5) | 423 (9.5) | 1,692 (9.5) | ||
| 9 | 571 (12.8) | 2,284 (12.8) | 571 (12.8) | 2,284 (12.8) | ||
| 10 | 700 (15.7) | 2,800 (15.7) | 700 (15.7) | 2,800 (15.7) | ||
| 11 (highest) | 789 (17.7) | 3,156 (17.7) | 789 (17.7) | 3,156 (17.7) | ||
| Region of residence | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
| Urban | 2,057 (46.0) | 8,228 (46.0) | 2,057 (46.0) | 8,228 (46.0) | ||
| Rural | 2,410 (54.0) | 9,640 (54.0) | 2,410 (54.0) | 9,640 (54.0) | ||
| Hypertension | 1.000 | <0.001* | ||||
| Yes | 1,674 (37.5) | 6,696 (37.5) | 1,674 (37.5) | 5,837 (32.7) | ||
| No | 2,793 (62.5) | 11,172 (62.5) | 2,793 (62.5) | 12,031 (67.3) | ||
| Diabetes | 1.000 | <0.001* | ||||
| Yes | 970 (21.7) | 3,880 (21.7) | 970 (21.7) | 2,930 (16.4) | ||
| No | 3,497 (78.3) | 13,988 (78.3) | 3,497 (78.3) | 14,938 (83.6) | ||
| Dyslipidemia | 1.000 | <0.001* | ||||
| Yes | 1,403 (31.4) | 5,612 (31.4) | 1,403 (31.4) | 4,312 (24.1) | ||
| No | 3,064 (68.6) | 12,256 (68.6) | 3,064 (68.6) | 13,556 (75.9) | ||
| MI | 0.534 | 0.002* | ||||
| Yes | 51 (1.1) | 185 (1.0) | 51 (1.1) | 124 (0.7) | ||
| No | 4,416 (98.9) | 17,683 (99.0) | 4,416 (98.9) | 17,744 (99.3) | ||
SSNHL: sudden sensory neural hearing loss.
MI: myocardial infarction.
*Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Significance at P < 0.05.