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. 2018 Jan 17;8:952. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19436-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Echocardiographic data reveal that female AT1R mice develop more severe left ventricular eccentric hypertrophy and dilation than AT1R males. (a) Typical examples of an M-mode echocardiography recordings in female CTL and AT1R mice. (b,c) The left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole (LVIDd) and end-systole (LVIDs) were calculated from the echocardiography data obtained from CTL and AT1R mice of both sexes. (d) The LV fractional shortening representing the systolic function was calculated as follows: LV FS (%) = [(LVIDd − LVIDs)/LVIDd] × 100. (e,f) The echocardiographic data were also used to assess the LV posterior wall thickness (LVPWd) (e) and the interventricular septum (IVSd) (f) for each groups. (g) The relative wall thickness was determined as follows: LV RWT = (IVSd + LVPWd)/LVIDd. These data indicate that AT1R stimulation leads to more pronounced eccentric hypertrophy and dilation in females than males (*p < 0.005 vs. sex-matched CTL, ^†p = 0.05 vs. M AT1R) (M: CTL N = 7, AT1R N = 7; F: CTL N = 5, AT1R N = 8). Echocardiography values of male CTL and AT1R mice presented in this figure represent a subset of the data published in²².