Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2018 Jan 17;8:957. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-19104-0

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Testosterone restores wheel running activity even in the absence of AR-signaling. (A) Concentration of E2 in brain homogenates in WT and ARKO mice after both ORX and hormone replacement or intranasal treatment with T. Circadian patterns of wheel running (B) and average distance run per day (C, upper panel) in trained ARKO and WT mice. Ambulatory movement beam breaks over 23 h (D) and total cumulative ambulatory activity during the night (C, lower panel). Time course of daily wheel running activity over a period of 19 days (E) and average distance run per day after two weeks of training (F) in ARKO mice after ORX and hormone replacement. Note that the color of the stars in (E) represents the specific comparisons. Total-limb maximal grip strength (G) in sham, ARKO + T and ARKO + DHT mice. Data in panel A, F and G were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and those in panels C and E were analyzed by Student t-test and two-way repeated measures ANOVA, respectively. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. In (A) n = 3–14 animals per group; in (B and C) (upper panel), n = 18 animals per group; in C (lower panel) and D, n = 17–21 animals per group; in (E and F), n = 3–6 animals per group; in G n = 5–8 animals per group. Statistical significance levels: ^{*, **, ***, ****}P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001 and 0.0001.