Table S1.
Effect of Childhood Conduct Problems on Age-18 Functional Outcomes, Using Different Symptoms Thresholdsa to Identify a Childhood History of Conduct Problems as Well as a Continuous Measure of Conduct Disorder Symptomsb
| Measurement of Childhood History of Conduct Problems |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3+ Symptoms (37.8% of Sample) |
4+ Symptoms (23.3% of Sample) |
5+ Symptoms (14.5% of Sample) |
Continuous Measure |
|
| IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | |
| NEET | 1.90 (1.46, 2.48) | 2.07 (1.55, 2.75) | 2.56 (1.92, 3.43) | 1.28 (1.22, 1.35) |
| Parenthood | 2.29 (1.28, 4.09) | 2.07 (1.11, 3.86) | 3.04 (1.58, 5.86) | 1.35 (1.20, 1.52) |
| Cautions and convictions | 2.74 (2.03, 3.71) | 3.33 (2.49, 4.46) | 3.62 (2.73, 4.79) | 1.37 (1.30, 1.44) |
| Overweight | 1.35 (1.13, 1.61) | 1.49 (1.23, 1.80) | 1.36 (1.10, 1.70) | 1.12 (1.06, 1.17) |
| Daily cigarette smoking | 2.08 (1.73, 2.50) | 2.08 (1.72, 2.52) | 2.31 (1.89, 2.82) | 1.26 (1.21, 1.30) |
| Heavy drinking | 1.57 (1.30, 1.90) | 1.63 (1.33, 2.00) | 1.60 (1.29, 2.00) | 1.15 (1.11, 1.21) |
| Visits to ED | 1.18 (.98, 1.41) | 1.20 (.98, 1.47) | 1.48 (1.19, 1.85) | 1.10 (1.04, 1.16) |
| Suicide attempts/self-harm | 1.51 (1.21, 1.90) | 1.53 (1.18, 1.99) | 2.00 (1.51, 2.64) | 1.14 (1.06, 1.22) |
| Social isolation | 1.58 (1.31, 1.92) | 1.50 (1.22, 1.84) | 1.67 (1.34, 2.08) | 1.15 (1.09, 1.21) |
| Low life satisfaction | 1.66 (1.36, 2.04) | 1.87 (1.52, 2.31) | 2.05 (1.64, 2.55) | 1.19 (1.14, 1.25) |
Note: All analyses are adjusted for participants’ sex. ED = emergency department; IRR = incidence-rate ratio; NEET = Not in Education, Employment, or Training.
Participants were categorized as having a childhood history of conduct problems if they displayed equal to or more than the threshold number of conduct disorder symptoms at 1 or more assessment time points during childhood. Results reported in the main article using a threshold of 5+ symptoms are shown in boldface type.
The continuous measure was computed by averaging conduct disorder symptoms across all assessment time points in childhood, for children with valid data at all 3 time points (n = 2,116).