Table 1.

Descriptive characteristics according to BED after matching groups using the PSM

	All (N = 1,004)		No (N = 502)		Yes (N = 502)
	n	%	n	%	n	%	P
Depressive symptom
Normal	188	18.7	95	18.9	93	18.5	0.882
Mild	386	38.4	194	38.6	192	38.2
Moderate	23.1	23.1	116	23.1	115	22.9
Moderately severe	140	13.9	65	12.9	75	14.9
Severe	59	5.9	32	6.5	27	5.5
Age (in years)
≤ 29	431	42.9	219	43.6	212	42.2	0.895
30–39	457	45.5	225	44.8	232	46.2
≥ 40	116	11.6	58	11.6	58	11.6
Level of education
Masters or higher	54	5.4	26	5.2	28	5.6	0.562
3-year college	519	51.7	268	53.4	251	50.0
4-year university	431	42.9	208	41.4	223	44.4
Annual income
< $20,000	50	5.1	26	5.2	24	4.8	0.640
$20,000–$29,999	130	12.9	58	11.6	72	14.3
$30,000–$39,999	422	42.0	208	41.4	214	42.6
$40,000–$49,999	380	37.8	198	39.4	182	36.3
≥ $50,000	22	2.2	12	2.4	10	2.0
Marital status
Single	764	76.1	394	78.5	370	73.7	0.076
Married	240	23.9	108	21.5	132	26.3
Alcohol consumption
Never	161	16.1	71	14.2	90	17.9	0.211
Occasionally	705	70.2	364	72.5	341	67.9
Frequently	138	13.7	67	13.3	71	14.2
BMI (in kg/m2)*
Normal (18.5–22.9)	621	61.8	308	61.4	313	62.3	0.000
Underweight (< 18.5)	114	11.4	81	16.1	33	6.6
Overweight (≥23)	269	26.8	113	22.5	156	31.1
Self-rated health
Poor	188	18.7	94	18.7	94	18.7	0.937
Fair	509	50.7	257	51.2	252	50.2
Good	307	30.6	151	30.1	156	31.1
Sleep (quartile)
1 (least sleep problem)	150	14.9	74	14.7	76	15.1	0.946
2	263	26.2	128	25.5	135	26.9
3	252	25.1	127	25.3	125	24.9
4	339	33.8	173	34.5	166	33.1
Stress (quartile)
1 (least stressed)	262	26.1	139	27.7	123	24.5	0.584
2	301	30.0	146	29.1	155	30.9
3	256	25.5	122	24.3	134	26.7
4	185	18.4	95	18.9	90	17.9
Shift work
No	222	22.1	106	21.1	116	23.1	0.447
Yes	782	77.9	396	78.9	386	76.9

Note: Occasionally: sometimes in a month; Frequently: sometimes in a week; BMI: body mass index

^*BMI categories are according to the World Health Organization Asia Pacific Region and the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity