Table 2.
Vocalization and Language Measures of Included Reports
| Reference | Vocalization measures | Language measures |
|---|---|---|
| Independent Samples | ||
| Cardona (2004) | CSBS: Sounds Subscale CSBS: Speech Composite |
Reynell ExpressiveE & Vineland ExpressiveE |
| Kim (2008) | Onset of Babbling | Onset of First WordsE |
| Paul et al. (2008) | CSBS-DP: Consonant Inventory | Vineland Expressive (“good” or “poor”)E |
| Sheinkopf et al. (2000) | Canonical babbling, atypical vocalizations, and utterance count during ESCS | Reynell ExpressiveE |
| Sigman & Ungerer (1984) | Uzgjris-Hunt Ordinal Scales of Psychological Development: Vocal imitation | Clinical assessmentE |
| Talbott (2014) | Home video diary: Vowel and consonant-vowel vocalizations | Mullen ExpressiveE |
| Yoder et al. (2013) | LENA Vocal Development Age Equivalency | LDSE & CDIE |
| Shared Samples | ||
| FIRST WORDS® Project | ||
| Book (2009) | SORF-Home: Communicative vocalizations with consonants | Mullen Verbal DQT |
| McCoy (2013) | SORF-Clinic and SORF-Home: Lack of vocalizations with consonants | CSBS WordsE and Mullen Verbal DQT |
| Plumb (2008) | Transcribable and non-transcribable vocalizations during CSBS | Mullen Verbal DQT |
| Plumb & Wetherby (2013) | Total and communicative vocalizations during CSBS-DP | Mullen Verbal DQT |
| Shumway & Wetherby (2009) | CSBS-DP: Proportion of behavior regulation and joint attention acts with a vocalization | Mullen Verbal DQT |
| Swineford (2011) | SORF-Home: Communicative vocalizations with consonants | CSBS-DP WordsE & Mullen Verbal DQT |
| Wetherby et al. (2007) | CSBS-DP: Consonant inventory | ADOS CommunicationT, CSBS-DP WordsE & Mullen Verbal DQT |
| Sample from Yoder, Watson, et al. (2015) | ||
| Woynaroski (2014) | Canonical syllables and consonants during CSBS-DP and SSCS Multiple LENA variables |
MB-CDI ExpressiveE |
| Woynaroski et al. (2017) | Canonical syllables and consonants during CSBS-DP and SSCS Multiple LENA variables |
MB-CDI ExpressiveE |
| Yoder, Watson, et al. (2015) | CSBS-DP: Consonant inventory | MB-CDI ExpressiveE, CSBS-DP WordsE & UCS NDWE |
| Yoder, Woynaroski, et al. (2015) | Multiple LENA variables | MB-CDI ExpressiveE |
| Yoder et al. (2016) | Various metrics for canonical syllables and consonant inventory | MB-CDI ExpressiveE, CSBS-DP WordsE & UCS NDWE |
Note. ADOS = Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (Lord et al., 2000); CDI = Child Development Inventory (Ireton, 1992); CSBS = Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales (Wetherby & Prizant, 1993); CSBS-DP = Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales–Developmental Profile (Wetherby & Prizant, 2002); Mullen Verbal DQ = Mullen Verbal Developmental Quotient (Mullen, 1995);
= Expressive language only measure; ESCS = Early Social Communication Scales (Mundy et al., 2003); LENA = Language ENvironment Analysis; LDS = Language Development Survey (Rescorla, 1989); MB-CDI = MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories–Words and Gestures Form (Fenson et al., 2007); NDW = Number of different words; Reynell = Reynell Developmental Language Scales (Reynell & Gruber, 1990); SORF = Systematic Observation of Red Flags (Dow, Guthrie, Stronach, & Wetherby, 2016); SSCS = Semi-structured communication sample;
= Total language measure; UCS = Unstructured communication sample; Vineland = Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales–Survey Edition (Sparrow, Balla, & Cicchetti, 1984).