Figure 2.

Effects of Wnt-1 depletion on the in situ expression of tumor-associated factors. The qualitative or quantitative evaluation of immunohistochemically-stained liver sections shows that anti-Wnt-1 treatment suppresses both proliferation (Ki-67) and apoptosis (caspase-3) of hepatocellular adenoma cells. The cell-cycle regulators Cyclin D1 and FOXM1 and the tumor-associated proteins NF-κB p65 and c-Jun are evidently downregulated by treatment as well. Note that NF-κB p65 can be seen in the cytoplasm but not nucleus of neoplastic hepatocytes. Its nuclear expression restricts to non-hepatocyte stromal cells. IHC; Diaminobenzidine chromogen, hematoxylin counterstain. Scale bars: 50 µm. Numbers on the y-axis of bar graphs correspond to the mean ± SEM of the parameters assessed. *P<0.05, ***P<0.001. DEN, diethylnitrosamine; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB.