TABLE 2. Industries and occupations with ≥25 asthma* deaths among persons aged 15–64 years, by sex — 26 states,† 1999, 2003, 2004, and 2007–2012.
| Characteristic | No. of deaths | PMR§,¶ (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
|
Industry
| ||
|
Male (n = 1,079)
| ||
| Food, beverage, and tobacco products manufacturing |
29 |
1.82 (1.22–2.61)** |
| Other retail trade |
69 |
1.65 (1.29–2.10)** |
| Miscellaneous manufacturing |
66 |
1.45 (1.13–1.86)** |
| Arts, entertainment and recreation |
29 |
1.30 (0.88–1.87) |
| Public administration |
52 |
1.09 (0.83–1.45) |
| Health care |
40 |
1.04 (0.74–1.42) |
| Repair and maintenance |
46 |
1.01 (0.73–1.34) |
| Professional, scientific, technical and management services |
34 |
1.00 (0.69–1.39) |
| Transportation and warehousing |
89 |
0.98 (0.79–1.21) |
| Accommodation and food services |
66 |
0.96 (0.75–1.23) |
| Educational services |
29 |
0.95 (0.64–1.37) |
| Construction |
184 |
0.92 (0.79–1.07) |
| Transportation equipment |
28 |
0.78 (0.52–1.12) |
| Administrative and support, and waste management services |
36 |
0.66 (0.46–0.91) |
| All other industries |
282 |
— |
|
Female (n = 1,230)
| ||
| Social assistance |
49 |
1.35 (1.00–1.79)** |
| Arts, entertainment and recreation |
26 |
1.29 (0.84–1.89) |
| Food and beverage stores |
27 |
1.19 (0.78–1.73) |
| Private households |
31 |
1.16 (0.79–1.64) |
| Health care |
279 |
1.12 (1.00–1.27) |
| Other retail trade |
96 |
1.10 (0.89–1.34) |
| Public administration |
69 |
1.06 (0.83–1.35) |
| Accommodation and food services |
116 |
1.01 (0.84–1.21) |
| Administrative and support, and waste management services |
42 |
0.97 (0.70–1.31) |
| Transportation and warehousing |
37 |
0.90 (0.63–1.24) |
| Finance and Insurance |
48 |
0.90 (0.66–1.19) |
| Personal and laundry services |
29 |
0.86 (0.58–1.24) |
| Educational services |
94 |
0.85 (0.69–1.04) |
| Miscellaneous manufacturing |
29 |
0.75 (0.50–1.07) |
| Professional, scientific, technical and management services |
35 |
0.66 (0.46–0.92) |
| All other industries |
223 |
— |
|
Occupation
| ||
|
Male (n = 1,087)
| ||
| Office and administrative support occupations |
62 |
1.25 (0.97–1.61) |
| Other production occupations, including supervisors |
51 |
1.21 (0.91–1.61) |
| Sales and related occupations |
89 |
1.17 (0.95–1.45) |
| Laborers and material movers, hand |
92 |
1.09 (0.88–1.34) |
| Motor vehicle operators |
74 |
1.07 (0.85–1.36) |
| Metal workers and plastic workers |
35 |
0.95 (0.66–1.33) |
| Food preparation and serving related occupations |
46 |
0.91 (0.66–1.21) |
| Construction trades workers |
149 |
0.89 (0.76–1.05) |
| Management occupations, except agricultural |
61 |
0.89 (0.69–1.15) |
| Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations |
54 |
0.88 (0.67–1.16) |
| Electrical equipment mechanics and other installation, maintenance, and repair workers |
26 |
0.85 (0.56–1.25) |
| Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers |
32 |
0.82 (0.56–1.15) |
| All other occupations |
316 |
— |
|
Female (n = 1,239)
| ||
| Community and social services occupations |
36 |
1.46 (1.02–2.01)** |
| Laborers and material movers, hand |
47 |
1.19 (0.88–1.59) |
| Healthcare support occupations |
110 |
1.15 (0.95–1.39) |
| Food preparation and serving related occupations |
100 |
1.12 (0.92–1.37) |
| Personal care and service occupations |
75 |
1.09 (0.87–1.38) |
| Sales and related occupations |
134 |
1.09 (0.92–1.30) |
| Health diagnosing and treating practitioners and technical occupations |
59 |
1.00 (0.77–1.31) |
| Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations |
62 |
1.00 (0.78–1.30) |
| Management occupations, except agricultural |
85 |
0.99 (0.80–1.24) |
| Business operations specialists |
25 |
0.96 (0.62–1.42) |
| Education, training, and library occupations |
70 |
0.93 (0.73–1.18) |
| Health technologists and technicians |
28 |
0.91 (0.61–1.32) |
| Office and administrative support occupations |
186 |
0.90 (0.77–1.04) |
| All other occupations | 222 | — |
Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; PMR = proportionate mortality ratio.
* Decedents who had the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes J45 (asthma) or J46 (status asthmaticus) assigned as the underlying cause of death (i.e., the disease or injury that initiated the chain of morbid events leading directly to death, or the circumstances of the accident or violence that produced the fatal injury).
† Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. States represent the state where the death took place.
§ PMR is defined as the observed number of deaths from asthma in a specified industry/occupation, divided by the expected number of deaths from asthma. The expected number of deaths is the total number of deaths in industry or occupation of interest multiplied by a proportion defined as the number of asthma deaths in all industries or occupations, divided by the total number of deaths in all industries/occupations. The asthma PMRs were internally adjusted by 5-year age groups and race. CIs were calculated assuming Poisson distribution of the data.
¶ Retired, unemployed, and unpaid (229 males and 687 females) and unknown or not reported (90 males and 78 females) workers in industries, and retired, students, volunteers, homemakers and unemployed (233 males and 688 females) and unknown or not reported (78 males and 68 females) occupations were excluded from PMR analyses.
** Statistically significant elevated PMR.