Figure 3.

Ginkgol C17:1 enhances apoptosis and inhibits the autophagy of cells, similar to 3MA. Following infection of HepG2 cells with the GFP-LC3 virus and treatment with or without cisplatin and 3-MA for 24 h, (A) LC3 autophagosomes were detected by an immunofluorescence assay and the average rate of LC3 puncta was valued (magnification, ×200). (B) Western blot analysis measuring the expression of Beclin-1 and p62 was performed. Following treatment with or without cisplatin and 3MA for 24 h, (C) nuclei morphology were observed by immunofluorescence microscopy (magnification, ×200) following staining with Hoechst 33342 and (D) the expression of Beclin-1, LC3 and p62 were measured by western blotting. Following treatment of HepG2 with cisplatin with or without ginkgol C17:1 and 3MA for 24 h, western blot analysis investigating the expression of (E) Beclin-1 and p62 and (F) Bax and Bcl-2 was performed. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation from five independent experiments. *P<0.05 and ^##P<0.01. Cisplatin, 2 µg/ml; 3MA, 0.75 mg/ml and ginkgol C17:1, 40 µg/ml. GFP, green fluorescent protein; LC3, light chain 3; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; Bax, Bcl-2-associated X protein; 3-MA, 3-methyladenine.