Table 1.
The association of RTL with baseline characteristics and lifestyle.
| RTL | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1.06 (n=166) |
1.06 - 1.432 (n=165) |
>1.432 (n=166) |
p-value | ||
| Age (years) | Mean (±SD) | 48.56 ± 14.75 | 44.70 ± 15.01 | 42.92 ± 15.03 | 0.002 |
| <40 | 43 (25.9)1 | 61 (37.0) | 75 (45.2) | 0.009 | |
| 40-60 | 91 (54.8) | 78 (47.3) | 67 (40.42) | ||
| >60 | 32 (19.3) | 26 (15.8) | 24 (14.5) | ||
| Gender | Female | 105 (63.3) | 106 (64.2) | 108 (65.1) | 0.94 |
| Marital status | Married | 106 (63.9) | 114 (69.1) | 109 (65.7) | 0.17 |
| Single | 28 (16.9) | 33 (20.0) | 37 (22.3) | ||
| Other2 | 32 (19.3) | 18 (10.9) | 20 (12.0) | ||
| Income | <600$ | 58 (35.4) | 48 (29.4) | 46 (27.7) | 0.31 |
| 600-999.9$ | 58 (35.4) | 55 (33.7) | 56 (33.7) | ||
| ≥1000 $ | 35 (21.3) | 41 (25.2) | 52 (31.3) | ||
| I don’t know/no answer | 13 (7.9) | 19 (11.7) | 12 (7.2) | ||
| Education | No schooling or primary school | 74 (44.6) | 55 (33.3) | 52 (31.7) | 0.03 |
| Intermediate school | 30 (18.1) | 56 (33.9) | 48 (29.3) | ||
| Secondary school or technical diploma | 43 (25.9) | 39 (23.6) | 44 (26.8) | ||
| University degree | 19 (11.4) | 15 (9.1) | 20 (12.2) | ||
| Crowding index | Mean (±SD) | 1.52 ± 0.84 | 1.55 ± 0.90 | 1.50 ± 0.91 | 0.86 |
| Current smoker | 104 (62.7) | 112 (67.9) | 103 (62.0) | 0.48 | |
| Current cigarette smoker | 74 (44.6) | 77 (46.7) | 63 (38.0) | 0.25 | |
| Current narghileh smoker | 46 (27.7) | 44 (26.7) | 51 (30.7) | 0.70 | |
| Current Alcohol Drinker | 34 (20.5) | 35 (21.2) | 26(15.7) | 0.38 | |
| Coffee Drinker | 133 (80.1) | 136 (82.4) | 130 (78.3) | 0.64 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | Mean (±SD) | 29.96 ± 5.73 | 28.92 ± 5.65 | 28.40 ± 5.94 | 0.045 |
| BMI (kg/m2)- categorical | ≥30 | 76 (45.8) | 69 (41.8) | 62 (37.3) | 0.30 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | Mean (±SD) | 98.91 ± 14.46 | 95.87 ± 17.52 | 92.75 ± 14.12 | 0.001 |
| Body fat (Kg) | Mean (±SD) | 30.29 ± 11.28 | 28.24 ± 11.09 | 27.30 ± 12.06 | 0.05 |
| Muscle mass (Kg) | Mean (±SD) | 26.45 ± 6.80 | 26.24 ± 6.24 | 26.19 ± 6.19 | 0.93 |
| Levels of physical activity | Low-intensity activity | 76 (45.8) | 82 (49.7) | 80 (48.2) | 0.97 |
| Moderate-intensity activity | 54 (32.5) | 49 (29.7) | 51 (30.7) | ||
| High-intensity activity | 36 (21.7) | 34 (20.6) | 35 (21.1) | ||
| Physical activity | None | 29 (17.5) | 26 (15.8) | 24 (14.5) | 0.75 |
| Any | 137 (82.5) | 139 (84.2) | 142 (85.5) | ||
| Number of hours sleep per night on weekdays | ≤4 hours | 26 (15.7) | 18 (10.9) | 23 (13.9) | 0.26 |
| 5-6 hours | 43 (25.9) | 47 (28.5) | 40 (24.1) | ||
| 6-7 hours | 50 (30.1) | 37 (22.4) | 44 (26.5) | ||
| 7-8 hours | 21 (12.7) | 37 (22.4) | 34 (20.5) | ||
| 8-9 hours | 16 (9.6) | 13 (7.9) | 19 (11.4) | ||
| ≥9 hours | 10 (6.0) | 13 (7.9) | 6 (3.6) | ||
| Number of hours sleep per night on weekend | ≤4 hours | 23 (13.9) | 20 (12.1) | 21 (12.7) | 0.80 |
| 5-6 hours | 30 (18.1) | 32 (19.4) | 30 (18.1) | ||
| 6-7 hours | 37 (22.3) | 31 (18.8) | 31 (18.7) | ||
| 7-8 hours | 26 (15.7) | 35 (21.2) | 37 (22.3) | ||
| 8-9 hours | 20 (12.0) | 23 (13.9) | 27 (16.3) | ||
| ≥9 hours | 30 (18.1) | 24 (14.5) | 20 (12.0) | ||
| Feel that you are not getting enough sleep | Never | 61 (37.4) | 60 (37.0) | 57 (35.2) | 0.83 |
| Rarely/sometimes/Frequently | 48 (29.4) | 40 (24.7) | 46 (28.4) | ||
| Almost always | 54 (33.1) | 62 (38.3) | 59 (36.4) | ||
| Sleep difficulties | Never | 32 (19.3) | 40 (24.2) | 50 (30.1) | 0.03 |
| Rarely/sometimes/Frequently | 63 (38.0) | 42 (25.5) | 50 (30.1) | ||
| Almost always | 71 (42.8) | 83 (50.3) | 66 (39.8) | ||
1.
N (%)
2.
Widow, divorced, or engaged