Table 3.
Association of explanatory variables with memory impairment; unadjusted and adjusted models.
| n | n (%) of fair or poor | Unadjusted model | Adjusted model * | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 33126 | OR | CI 95 | p | OR | CI 95 | p | ||
| Female | 18709 | 5430 (29.0) | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Male | 14417 | 3867 (26.8) | 0.896 | 0.854-0.941 | <0.001 | 0.927 | 0.879-0.977 | 0.005 |
| Age, years | ||||||||
| >75 | 6460 | 1951 (30.2) | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| 65-74 | 9504 | 2658 (28.0) | 0.897 | 0.837-0.962 | 0.002 | 0.903 | 0.840-0.970 | 0.005 |
| 55-64 | 12048 | 3225 (26.8) | 0.845 | 0.790-0.903 | <0.001 | 0.849 | 0.793-0.910 | <0.001 |
| 50-54 | 5114 | 1463 (28.6) | 0.926 | 0.854-1.004 | 0.062 | 0.936 | 0.861-1.018 | 0.121 |
| Education, years | ||||||||
| >12-y | 9376 | 1689 (18.0) | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| ≤12-y | 23750 | 7608 (32.0) | 2.145 | 2.022-2.276 | <0.001 | 1.968 | 1.852-2.091 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | ||||||||
| ≥30 | 7652 | 2386 (31.2) | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 25-29.9 | 13634 | 3808 (27.9) | 0.855 | 0.805-0.909 | <0.001 | - | - | - |
| 18.5-24.9 | 11840 | 3103 (26.2) | 0.784 | 0.736-0.835 | <0.001 | - | - | - |
| Smoking | ||||||||
| Smoker* | 18156 | 5247 (28.9) | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| No | 14970 | 4050 (27.1) | 0.912 | 0.869-0.958 | <0.001 | 0.928 | 0.881-0.978 | 0.005 |
| Physical inactivity | ||||||||
| No | 29013 | 8116 (28.0) | 1 | - | - | - | ||
| Yes | 4113 | 1181 (28.7) | 0.964 | 0.897-1.036 | 0.323 | - | - | - |
| Number of chronic diseases | ||||||||
| >2 | 9050 | 3819 (42.2) | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| ≤2 | 24076 | 5478 (22.8) | 0.403 | 0.383-0.425 | <0.001 | 0.574 | 0.537-0.614 | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Heart attack | ||||||||
| Yes | 4805 | 2096 (43.6) | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| No | 28321 | 7201 (25.4) | 0.441 | 0.414-0.469 | <0.001 | 0.653 | 0.609-0.701 | <0.001 |
| Stroke | ||||||||
| Yes | 1485 | 804 (54.1) | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| No | 31641 | 8493 (26.8) | 0.311 | 0.280-0.345 | <0.001 | 0.479 | 0.429-0.536 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes or high blood sugar | ||||||||
| Yes | 4135 | 1583 (38.3) | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| No | 28991 | 7714 (26.6) | 0.584 | 0.546-0.626 | <0.001 | 0.900 | 0.834-0.970 | 0.006 |
| High blood pressure | ||||||||
| Yes | 13241 | 4533 (34.2) | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| No | 19885 | 4764 (24.0) | 0.605 | 0.577-0.635 | <0.001 | 0.877 | 0.829-0.928 | <0.001 |
*
Country random effect: estimate = 0.006; standard error = 0.040; p = 0.881.