Table 5.
Association of explanatory variables with numeracy impairment; unadjusted and adjusted models.
| n | n (%) ≤15 correct words | Unadjusted model | Adjusted model * | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 33126 | OR | CI 95 | p | OR | CI 95 | p | ||
| Female | 18709 | 5285 (28.2) | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Male | 14417 | 3959 (27.5) | 0.962 | 0.916-1.009 | 0.113 | - | - | - |
| Age, years | ||||||||
| >75 | 6460 | 1898 (29.4) | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| 65-74 | 9504 | 2617 (27.5) | 0.913 | 0.852-0.980 | 0.011 | 0.937 | 0.871-1.008 | 0.082 |
| 55-64 | 12048 | 3392 (28.2) | 0.942 | 0.881-1.007 | 0.078 | 0.974 | 0.908-1.046 | 0.467 |
| 50-54 | 5114 | 1337 (26.1) | 0.851 | 0.784-0.924 | <0.001 | 0.870 | 0.798-0.949 | 0.002 |
| Education, years | ||||||||
| >12-y | 9376 | 1280 (13.7) | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| ≤12-y | 23750 | 7964 (33.5) | 3.191 | 2.991-3.405 | <0.001 | 3.075 | 2.881-3.283 | <0.001 |
| BMI. Kg/m2 | ||||||||
| ≥30 | 7652 | 2162 (28.3) | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 25-29.9 | 13634 | 3827 (28.1) | 0.955 | 0.895-1.020 | 0.172 | - | - | - |
| 18.5-24.9 | 11840 | 3255 (27.5) | 0.928 | 0.867-0.993 | 0.031 | - | - | - |
| Smoking | ||||||||
| Smoker | 18156 | 5583 (30.8) | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| No | 14970 | 3661 (24.5) | 0.729 | 0.694-0.766 | <0.001 | 0.718 | 0.683-0.755 | <0.001 |
| Physical inactivity | ||||||||
| No | 29013 | 7997 (27.6) | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| yes | 4113 | 1247 (30.3) | 0.875 | 0.814-0.939 | <0.001 | 0.906 | 0.839-0.977 | 0.011 |
| Number of chronic diseases | ||||||||
| >2 | 9050 | 3063 (33.8) | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| ≤2 | 24076 | 6181 (25.7) | 0.675 | 0.641-0.711 | <0.001 | 0.920 | 0.863-0.981 | 0.011 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Heart attack | ||||||||
| Yes | 4805 | 1717 (35.7) | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| No | 28321 | 7527 (26.6) | 0.651 | 0.610-0.694 | <0.001 | 0.785 | 0.730-0.844 | <0.001 |
| Stroke | ||||||||
| Yes | 1485 | 653 (44.0) | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| No | 31641 | 8591 (27.2) | 0.475 | 0.427-0.528 | <0.001 | 0.574 | 0.513-0.642 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes or Hyperglycaemia | ||||||||
| Yes | 4135 | 1542 (37.3) | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| No | 28991 | 7702 (26.6) | 0.608 | 0.568-0.651 | <0.001 | 0.712 | 0.660-0.768 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | ||||||||
| Yes | 13241 | 4058 (30.6) | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| No | 19885 | 5186 (26.1) | 0.798 | 0.760-0.838 | <0.001 | - | - | - |
*
Country random effect: estimate = 0.178; standard error = 0.147; p = 0.226