Figure 3.

CQ modulation of autophagy through inducing the formation of autophagosomes and preventing the degradation of autophagosomes in EC109 cells. (A) Fluorescence microscopy analysis of the GFP-LC3 translocation in EC109 cells with and without CQ (magnification, ×200). Red arrows indicated autophagosomes. Western blot analysis for (B) LC3-II and p62 and (C) phosphorylated Akt/mTOR signaling pathway protein members. GAPDH was used as a loading control. CQ, chloroquine; GFP, green fluorescent protein; LC3, light chain 3; mTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin; Con, control; p-, phosphorylated-; 4EBP1, 4E binding protein 1.