Table 1.
Cases reported in the English literature.
| Author | Year | Case | IDC/SPC | Age (year) | Gender | Side | Long-term catheter | Presentation | Diagnosis | Consequences | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Borrero et al. [1] | 1987 | 1 | SPC | 35 | Male | Left | Yes | Left flank pain, fever | IVU | Pyelonephritis | Catheter changed |
| Singh and Eardley [2] | 1996 | 1 | IDC | 26 | Female | Right | Yes | Incidental | Intra-operative | Ureteric rupture | Surgical repair |
| Kato [3] | 1997 | 1 | IDC | 74 | Female | Left | Yes | Blocked IDC | Fluoroscopy | No adverse outcomes | Catheter changed |
| Ogan and Berger [4] | 2001 | 1 | IDC | 47 | Female | Right | No | Incidental finding during angiography | Angiography | No adverse outcomes | Catheter changed |
| Muneer et al. [5] | 2002 | 1 | IDC | 77 | Male | Right | Yes | Loin pain, blocked IDC |
Cystoscopy | Catheter removed with endoscopic incision | Cystoscopy |
| Hara et al. [6] | 2005 | 1 | IDC | 51 | Female | Left | No | Peri-catheter urine leakage | Catheterography | No adverse outcomes | Insertion of DJ stent |
| George and Tharian [7] | 2005 | 1 | IDC | 14 | Male | Right | Yes | Peri-catheter urine leakage | US | No adverse outcomes | Catheter changed |
| Wang and Foote [8] | 2006 | 1 | IDC | 30 | Female | Right | No | Blocked IDC, unable to deflate balloon | Cystoscopy | No adverse outcomes | Catheter changed |
| Maegele et al. [9] | 2007 | 1 | IDC | 86 | Female | Left | N.A. | Abdominal pain, fever | CT | Pyelonephritis | Catheter changed |
| Kim and Park [10] | 2008 | 1 | IDC | 38 | Female | Right | Yes | Lower abdominal pain | Cystography | Ureteric rupture | DJ stent (failed) PCN |
| Dangle et al. [11] | 2010 | 1 | SPC | 50 | Female | Right | Yes | Flank pain | CT | Pyelonephritis | Catheter changed |
| Hale et al. [12] | 2012 | 1 | IDC | 80 | Female | Left | N.A. | Flank pain | CT | Ureteric rupture | Surgical repair |
| Papacharalabous et al. [13] | 2011 | 1 | IDC | 68 | Female | Left | No | Incidental | Intra-operative | Ureteric rupture | Surgical repair |
| Adeyemo et al. [14] | 2013 | 1 | SPC | 55 | Male | Right | Yes | Blocked SPC | CT | Pyelonephritis | Catheter changed |
| Baker et al. [15] | 2013 | 1 | IDC | 59 | Female | Left | Yes | Blocked IDC | CT | Ureteric rupture | PCN |
| Modi et al. [16] | 2014 | 1 | SPC | 83 | Female | Right | Yes | N.A. | N.A. | Ureteric rupture | DJ stent (failed) PCN |
| Ishikawa et al. [17] | 2014 | 1st | IDC | 81 | Male | Left | Yes | Fever | CT | Pyelonephritis | Catheter changed |
| 2nd | IDC | 67 | Female | Left | Yes | Fever | CT | Pyelonephritis | Catheter changed | ||
| 3rd | IDC | 37 | Female | Left | Yes | Peri-catheter urine leakage | US | No adverse outcomes | Catheter changed | ||
| Viswanatha et al. [18] | 2014 | 1 | IDC | 28 | Female | Right | No | Pain, unable to deflate balloon | RPG and ureteroscopy | No adverse outcomes | Catheter removed via ureteroscopy |
| Total | 20 | IDC 16 | Male 5 | R 10 | Long-term catheter 13 | ||||||
| SPC 4 | Female 15 | L 10 | |||||||||
CT, computed tomography; DJ stent, double J stent; IDC, indwelling catheter; IVU, intravenous urogram; N.A., unable to make sure the duration of catheter; PCN, percutaneous nephrostomy; RPG, retrograde pyelogram; SPC, suprapubic catheter; US, ultrasound.