Table 2.
The effects of LEB, income per capita, fertility, population density, CO2 emissions, HIV prevalence, and time on LEB decadal gains, 1950–2009, Fixed effects model
| LEB decade gains | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lowest Stratum (LEB < 51) | Stratum II (51 ≤ LEB < 61) | Stratum III (61 ≤ LEB < 71) | Highest Stratum (LEB ≥ 71) | Total | |
| Decade 1960–69 | −4.171*** (0.473) | −4.799*** (0.597) | −4.467*** (0.308) | −2.961*** (0.181) | −5.539*** (0.149) |
| Decade 1970–79 | −6.385*** (0.597) | −7.567*** (0.644) | −5.657*** (0.377) | −1.982*** (0.183) | −7.449*** (0.189) |
| Decade 1980–89 | −8.062*** (0.718) | − 10.54*** (0.687) | − 6.439*** (0.450) | − 1.693*** (0.194) | −9.055*** (0.238) |
| Decade 1990–99 | −11.79*** (0.788) | − 12.31*** (0.735) | −7.633*** (0.504) | − 1.918*** (0.220) | − 10.34*** (0.292) |
| Decade 2000–09 | − 8.491*** (0.982) | − 11.42*** (0.803) | − 7.283*** (0.585) | −1.893*** (0.264) | − 10.01*** (0.352) |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 2.004*** (0.132) | 1.559*** (0.0812) | 0.710*** (0.0903) | 0.608*** (0.0693) | 3.529*** (0.0753) |
| GDP per capita, 2005, PPP $ | 0.496*** (0.0940) | 0.129** (0.0634) | 0.130* (0.0788) | −0.0311 (0.0587) | −0.0520 (0.0439) |
| Population density per km2 | −0.502** (0.195) | − 0.553*** (0.183) | − 0.882*** (0.0935) | −0.584*** (0.0492) | −1.496*** (0.100) |
| CO2 in tons per capita | 0.0341 (0.110) | −0.0484 (0.0633) | −0.00566 (0.0706) | − 0.169*** (0.0295) | −0.175*** (0.0415) |
| Total Fertility Rate | −0.0836 (0.107) | −0.0781 (0.110) | 0.107 (0.0893) | 0.287*** (0.0372) | −0.0918* (0.0548) |
| HIV Prevalence | −0.355** (0.147) | −0.484*** (0.0910) | − 0.00773 (0.0747) | −0.0821** (0.0400) | − 0.427*** (0.0612) |
| Constant | 8.956*** (0.543) | 12.95*** (0.673) | 9.408*** (0.404) | 4.245*** (0.204) | 10.93*** (0.233) |
| Observations | 685 | 1460 | 1597 | 1908 | 6533 |
| R-squared | 0.551 | 0.552 | 0.337 | 0.321 | 0.478 |
| Nro. of countries | 34 | 63 | 81 | 63 | 139 |
| Country Fixed Effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Standard errors in parentheses
***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1