Table 1.

Comparison of variation in bacula vs. baubella lengths

Species	N females	Mean females	SD females	CV females	N males	Mean males	SD males	CV males	Isymptotic statisti	Asymptotic p value	mslr statistic	mslr p value	Min sample size	Referencesc
Cryptoprocta ferox	4	5.5	3.3	0.6 ± 0.212	17	72.2	9.6	0.133 ± 0.023	23.76	.000	10.12	.001	–	Hawkins et al. (2002)
Lemur catta	6	0.38	0.06	0.158 ± 0.046	4	1.4	0.14	0.1 ± 0.035	0.65	.419	0.73	.393	21	Drea and Weil (2008)
Leptonychotes weddellii	5	35	6.67	0.191 ± 0.06	58	186.31	38.86	0.209 ± 0.019	0.05	.820	0.18	.668	512	Smith (1966)
Lontra canadensis	2	10.35	10.11	0.977 ± 0.488	55	94.92	4.46	0.047 ± 0.004	412.61	.000	36.17	.000	–	Male: Friley (1949); Female: Scheffer (1939)
Mormopterus planiceps	6	1.62	0.05	0.031 ± 0.009	9	7.9	0.18	0.023 ± 0.005	0.6	.439	0.42	.517	44	Male: Krutzsch and Crichton (1987); Female: Crichton and Krutzsch (1987)
Mustela vison	6a	1.02	0.45	0.439 ± 0.127	99	44.6	2.18	0.049 ± 0.003	312.33	.000	98.42	.000	–	Long and Shirek (1970)
Parascalops breweri	2	0.68	0.11	0.157 ± 0.079	2	0.68	0.05	0.072 ± 0.036	0.53	.465	0.36	.549	9	Sinclair (2014)
Phoca vitulina	2	7.5	2.12	0.283 ± 0.141	3	127.33	2.52	0.02 ± 0.008	7.81	.005	4.4	.036	–	Male: Mohr (1962); Female: Scheffer (1949)
Procyon lotor	3	13.84	6.58	0.476 ± 0.194	36	102.85	0.06	0.001 ± 0	1237.05	.000	204.58	.000	–	Long and Frank (1968)
Sciurus niger	4	3.38	0.55	0.163 ± 0.058	11	12.36	0.01	0.001 ± 0	83.66	.000	68.8	.000	–	Long and Frank (1968)
Spermophilus mexicanus	2	2.15	0.78	0.362 ± 0.181	2	4.45	0.49	0.111 ± 0.056	1.01	.315	0.76	.385	5	Male: Burt (1960); Female: Layne (1954)
Taxidea taxus	4	10.71	1.97	0.184 ± 0.065	2	98.7b	9.87b	0.1 ± 0.05b	0.38	.538	0.52	.471	13	Male: Burt (1960); Female: Long and Frank (1968)
Urocyon cinereoargenteus	3	6.33	1.44	0.228 ± 0.093	11	50.94	4.5	0.088 ± 0.019	5.09	.024	2.05	.152	–	Male: Long and Frank (1968); Female: Hildebr and (1954)

N, number of specimens; SD, standard deviation.

CV, coefficient of variation, with standard errors calculated as CV/sqrt(2N). Bold indicates statistical significance at p ≤ .05.

^a50 females were dissected, baubellum was found in 6.

^bMean taken from Burt 1960, SD estimated at 10% of mean based on Long and Frank's (1968) statement that two male bacula were “nearly the same in length”.

^cReferences: unless otherwise indicated, male and female data taken from same study. Full citations can be found in Table S1.