Table 1.
Sample characteristics of NHATS community dwelling adults (age 65≤ years) by anxiety group1 (N= 7,148)
| Variable | Low Anxiety N (Weighted %) |
High Anxiety N (Weighted %) |
χ2, p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary Outcome | 168.83, p < 0.001 | ||
| Sleep Medication | 1626 (27.49) | 445 (49.65) | |
| No Sleep Medication | 4589 (72.51) | 488 (50.35) | |
| Depression2 | 710.79, p < 0.001 | ||
| Low | 5550 (91.12) | 441 (48.09) | |
| High | 629(8.88) | 482 (51.91) | |
| Age Group | 8.84, p < 0.001 | ||
| 65–74 | 2586 (55.80) | 335 (48.93) | |
| 75–84 | 2475 (33.40) | 395 (36.97) | |
| 85 ≤ | 1154 (10.82) | 203 (14.10) | |
| Gender | 26.11, p < 0.001 | ||
| Female | 3499 (54.46) | 624 (64.15) | |
| Male | 2716 (45.36) | 309 (35.85) | |
| Education | 59.20, p < 0.001 | ||
| Less than High School | 1539 (19.74) | 388 (36.80) | |
| High School/Some College | 2925 (48.71) | 406 (47.96) | |
| College and Greater | 1684 (31.54) | 125 (15.23) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | 13.10, p < 0.001 | ||
| Black | 1357 (8.17) | 234 (9.95) | |
| Hispanic | 344 (6.33) | 96 (12.08) | |
| Other | 187 (3.59) | 37 (3.60) | |
| White | 4262 (81.90) | 565 (74.36) | |
| Time to fall asleep < 30 minutes | 93.41, p < 0.001 | ||
| Every night | 575 (8.42) | 234 (26.99) | |
| Most nights | 616 (10.02) | 159 (16.29) | |
| Some nights | 1467 (22.23) | 243 (24.24) | |
| Rarely | 1639 (28.62) | 129 (14.90) | |
| Never | 1903 (30.65) | 168 (17.57) | |
| Frequency of Experiencing Difficulty Falling Back Asleep | 68.64, p < 0.001 | ||
| Every night | 295 (4.45) | 136 (16.46) | |
| Most nights | 548 (8.28) | 173 (18.85) | |
| Some nights | 1632 (26.10) | 285 (28.77) | |
| Rarely | 1846 (31.54) | 175 (18.87) | |
| Never | 1876 (29.62) | 162 (17.13) | |
| Dementia Diagnosis | 133.64, p < 0.000 | ||
| No | 5937 (97.11) | 819 (90.56) | |
| Yes | 276 (2.89) | 112 (9.44) | |
| Number of Chronic Conditions | 62.75, p < 0.000 | ||
| 0 | 676 (12.27) | 41 (5.33) | |
| 1–3 | 4743 (76.38) | 646 (70.09) | |
| 4–6 | 754 (11.35) | 238 (24.59) | |
| Self-Reported Health | 142.73, p < 0.000 | ||
| Excellent | 865 (16.60) | 36 (4.32) | |
| Very Good | 1812 (32.13) | 103 (12.79) | |
| Good | 2035 (31.03) | 237 (25.78) | |
| Fair | 1165 (15.81) | 325 (33.92) | |
| Poor | 335 (4.43) | 231 (23.19) |
Notes. Chronic conditions represent a composite score, ranging from 0–6, of having a diagnosis of high blood pressure, heart disease, arthritis, osteoporosis, Diabetes, and Cancer, or not. Data were weighted to account for complex survey design and represent a sample of older adults living in the United States.
Anxiety was measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 module. Scores less than or equal to 2 were considered low anxiety and scores greater than or equal to 3 were considered high anxiety.
Depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 module. Scores less than or equal to 2 were considered low depression and scores greater than or equal to 3 were considered high depression.