Table 3.
Hazard ratios (HR) for the association between metabolic syndrome score at cohort entry and prostate cancer risk in the Reykjavik Study, 1967–2014
| Metabolic syndrome score1
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3–4 | P-trend | |
|
|
|||||
| Total prostate cancer risk | |||||
| No. cases | 234 | 617 | 189 | 40 | |
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI)2 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.10 (0.94,1.28) | 1.13 (0.93,1.37) | 0.98 (0.70,1.37) | 0.45 |
| Fully-adjusted HR (95% CI)3 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.11 (0.95,1.30) | 1.15 (0.94,1.39) | 0.99 (0.71,1.39) | 0.38 |
| Advanced prostate cancer risk | |||||
| No. cases | 72 | 226 | 64 | 16 | |
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.25 (0.95,1.63) | 1.20 (0.85,1.68) | 1.21 (0.70,2.08) | 0.33 |
| Fully-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.26 (0.96,1.65) | 1.20 (0.86,1.69) | 1.21 (0.70,2.10) | 0.31 |
| High-grade prostate cancer risk | |||||
| No. cases | 32 | 85 | 27 | 4 | |
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.12 (0.74,1.70) | 1.24 (0.74,2.09) | 0.78 (0.27,2.21) | 0.75 |
| Fully-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.14 (0.76,1.73) | 1.25 (0.75,2.10) | 0.81 (0.28,2.29) | 0.70 |
| Risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality | |||||
| No. cases | 62 | 205 | 57 | 16 | |
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.34 (1.01,1.79) | 1.31 (0.91,1.88) | 1.53 (0.88,2.66) | 0.09 |
| Fully-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.36 (1.02,1.82) | 1.32 (0.91,1.89) | 1.55 (0.89,2.69) | 0.08 |
CI: Confidence interval
1
Cumulative number of risk factors at cohort entry: 1) BMI ≥30 kg/m2; 2) systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mmHg or taking anti-hypertensives; 3) serum triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL; 4) fasting blood glucose ≥100 mg/dL or self-reported type 2 diabetes.
2
Adjusted for age at cohort entry (continuous) and stage of entry (categorical).
3
Additionally adjusted for family history of prostate cancer (yes, no), smoking status (never, former, current), regular checkups (yes, no), education (primary, secondary, college, university), and height (quartiles).