Table 3.
Associations between C-reactive protein (CRP) and cognitive performance in 11–14 year-olds.
| CRP adjusted for methodological/participant factorsa |
CRP adjusted for methodological/participant factors and psychopathologyb |
Interaction effects for psychopathology * CRP | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | B | (95% CI) | p | β | B | (95% CI) | p | β, p | |
| WRAML2: Number letter | −0.14 | −0.04 | (−0.09 to 0.01) | 0.14 | −0.15 | −0.04 | (−0.09 to 0.01) | 0.09 | INT*CRP (0.13, 0.73) EXT*CRP (0.03, 0.88) PLE*CRP (0.24, 0.54) |
| WRAML2: Verbal memory | 0.01 | 0.01 | (−0.19 to 0.20) | 0.94 | 0.03 | 0.03 | (−0.16 to 0.22) | 0.77 | INT*CRP (0.05, 0.88) EXT*CRP (0.09, 0.71) PLE*CRP (0.39, 0.26) |
| WRAML2: Visual memory | −0.05 | −0.06 | (−0.33 to 0.21) | 0.68 | −0.06 | −0.07 | (−0.33 to 0.19) | 0.60 | INT*CRP (0.25, 0.45) EXT*CRP (0.06, 0.88) PLE*CRP (0.30, 0.51) |
| WRAML2: Verbal working memory | −0.02 | −0.00 | (−0.05 to 0.05) | 0.89 | −0.01 | −0.00 | (−0.05 to 0.04) | 0.90 | INT*CRP (−0.41, 0.42) EXT*CRP (0.05, 0.92) PLE*CRP (−0.05, 0.93) |
| D-KEFS: Letter fluency | −0.24 | −0.06 | (−0.10 to −0.02) | 0.006 | −0.23 | −0.06 | (−0.10 to −0.01) | 0.009 | INT*CRP (−0.41, 0.22) EXT*CRP (0.02, 0.92) PLE*CRP (0.12, 0.74) |
| D-KEFS: Category fluency | −0.17 | −0.05 | (−0.10 to 0.01) | 0.08 | −0.17 | −0.05 | (−0.10 to 0.01) | 0.10 | INT*CRP (0.17, 0.78) EXT*CRP (−0.05, 0.92) PLE*CRP (0.38, 0.35) |
| D-KEFS: CW Inhibition | −0.28 | −0.05 | (−0.09 to −0.02) | 0.004 | −0.25 | −0.05 | (−0.09 to −0.01) | 0.01 | INT*CRP (0.03, 0.96) EXT*CRP (0.40, 0.32) PLE*CRP (0.06, 0.87) |
| D-KEFS: CW Inhibition/switching | −0.36 | −0.07 | (−0.11 to −0.04) | <0.001 | −0.35 | −0.07 | (−0.11 to −0.03) | <0.001 | INT*CRP (0.03, 0.92) EXT*CRP (0.55, 0.11) PLE*CRP (−0.16, 0.59) |
| D-KEFS: Towers test | −0.04 | −0.01 | (−0.05 to 0.04) | 0.77 | −0.04 | −0.01 | (−0.05 to 0.03) | 0.74 | INT*CRP (1.02, 0.13) EXT*CRP (-0.11, 0.82) PLE*CRP (-0.21, 0.69) |
Note. WRAML2: Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning 2nd edition; D-KEFS: Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System; CW: colour-word interference test; β standardised beta coefficient from linear regression analysis; B: unstandardised regression coefficients; CI: confidence interval. INT: internalising symptoms; EXT: externalising symptoms: PLE: psychotic-like experiences. All analyses performed with robust standard errors using square root transformed CRP. aAdjusted for day of saliva sample collection (Day 1 vs. Day 2) and recent dental problems; bAdditionally adjusted for current psychopathology (Youth Self-Report internalising scores in borderline or clinical range; Youth Self-Report externalising scores in borderline or clinical range; presence of at least one somewhat true psychotic-like experience).
Bold indicates statistical significance at the 0.05 level.