Table 4.
Geometric means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of adipokine concentrations and insulin-related markers, according to plasma branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) level quartile, in 243 women.
| BCAA (μmol/L) | Plasma BCAA quartile category | P for trend4 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (n = 61) | Q2 (n = 61) | Q3 (n = 61) | Q4 (n = 60) | ||
| ≤316.7 | 316.8–345.8 | 345.8–388.4 | ≥388.5 | ||
| Total adiponectin (μg/mL) | |||||
| Crude | 8.33 (7.49–9.26) | 6.88 (6.19–7.65) | 6.72 (6.05–7.47) | 5.96 (5.36–6.63) | <0.0001 |
| Adjusted 11 | 8.35 (7.52–9.27) | 6.98 (6.29–7.75) | 6.75 (6.07–7.50) | 5.86 (5.27–6.52) | <0.0001 |
| Adjusted 22 | 8.16 (7.33–9.08) | 6.92 (6.23–7.68) | 6.84 (6.15–7.61) | 5.98 (5.36–6.66) | 0.0002 |
| HMW adiponectin (μg/mL) | |||||
| Crude | 3.73 (3.18–4.39) | 2.73 (2.33–3.21) | 2.64 (2.25–3.11) | 2.25 (1.91–2.64) | <0.0001 |
| Adjusted 11 | 3.74 (3.19–4.40) | 2.78 (2.37–3.26) | 2.67 (2.27–3.14) | 2.22 (1.88–2.62) | <0.0001 |
| Adjusted 22 | 3.61 (3.06–4.26) | 2.74 (2.33–3.22) | 2.73 (2.31–3.21) | 2.29 (1.94–2.70) | 0.0005 |
| Leptin (pg/mL) | |||||
| Crude | 3355 (2725–4130) | 5031 (4087–6193) | 5931 (4818–7302) | 7810 (6333–9631) | <0.0001 |
| Adjusted 11 | 3378 (2740–4164) | 5026 (4078–6195) | 5975 (4831–7389) | 7919 (6392–9812) | <0.0001 |
| Adjusted 22 | 4270 (3583–5088) | 5495 (4632–6520) | 5201 (4368–6194) | 6510 (5449–7778) | 0.003 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | |||||
| Crude | 2.34 (2.16–2.54) | 2.39 (2.20–2.59) | 2.52 (2.32–2.73) | 2.63 (2.42–2.85) | 0.03 |
| Adjusted 11 | 2.35 (2.17–2.54) | 2.41 (2.22–2.61) | 2.52 (2.33–2.73) | 2.55 (2.35–2.76) | 0.12 |
| Adjusted 22 | 2.35 (2.16–2.55) | 2.41 (2.22–2.61) | 2.52 (2.32–2.73) | 2.55 (2.34–2.77) | 0.15 |
| C-peptide (ng/mL) | |||||
| Crude | 1.02 (0.94–1.10) | 1.05 (0.97–1.13) | 1.08 (1.00–1.16) | 1.25 (1.15–1.35) | 0.0002 |
| Adjusted 11 | 1.00 (0.93–1.08) | 1.04 (0.97–1.13) | 1.08 (1.00–1.17) | 1.26 (1.17–1.36) | <0.0001 |
| Adjusted 22 | 1.05 (0.97–1.13) | 1.06 (0.98–1.14) | 1.05 (0.98–1.14) | 1.22 (1.13–1.31) | 0.01 |
| HOMA2-IR3 | |||||
| Crude | 0.76 (0.70–0.83) | 0.79 (0.73–0.84) | 0.83 (0.76–0.90) | 0.99 (0.90–1.08) | <0.0001 |
| Adjusted 11 | 0.76 (0.70–0.82) | 0.79 (0.72–0.86) | 0.84 (0.77–0.91) | 0.99 (0.90–1.08) | <0.0001 |
| Adjusted 22 | 0.79 (0.72–0.86) | 0.80 (0.74–0.87) | 0.81 (0.74–0.88) | 0.96 (0.87–1.05) | 0.004 |
Except BCAA and P for trend, values are expressed as geometric means (95% CI).
1Adjusted for age (continuous), physical activity (quartile) and fasting time (<8 h, >8 h).
2Further adjusted for body mass index (continuous).
3HOMA2-IR was calculated in participants with 8 hours or more fasting (n = 208). Number of participants in each BCAA category was 55 in Q1, 53 in Q2, 53 in Q3 and 47 in Q4. “Adjusted 1” model was adjusted for age (continuous) and physical activity (quartile). “Adjusted 2” model was further adjusted for body mass index (continuous).
4Median adipokine values for each category were used to test linear trends.
HMW, high molecular weight, HOMA2-IR, homeostasis model assessments of insulin resistance.