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. 2018 Jan 18;8:1075. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18996-2

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of ANE-induced cytokine release on cell growth. Jurkat cells were treated with various AN extracts (50 µg/ml) and their conditioned medium was used to estimate the effect of the released amounts of cytokines on cell growth. (A) Cell growth images of different immune cell lines observed at 48 h post-treatment by an inverted microscope (total magnification, x100). (B) Average cell growth of Jurkat cells, normalized to the control. (C) Average cell growth of U937 cells, normalized to the control. (D) Average cell growth of HL-60 cells, normalized to the control. The values are mean ± SEM. The growth assay was repeated in 3 independent experiments where each condition was run in triplicate.