Figure 9.

SOCE role in ANE-induced calcium signal and T cell activation. (A) A typical thapsigargin-induced SOCE signal in Jurkat cells and its full inhibition by 1 µM gadolinium (Gd³⁺). Thapsigargin was applied at 1 µM. (B) The effect of Gd³⁺ pre-incubation on the ANE-induced calcium response. AN total extract was used at 50 µg/ml. (C) Average cell growth of Jurkat cells, normalized to the control in the presence or absence of 1 µM Gd³⁺. Cell growth was assessed similarly to Fig. 8. 1: untreated, 2: DMSO 0.2%, 3: AN total extract, 4: AN aqueous extract and 5: AN chloroform extract. (D–F) Areca nut extracts effect on cytokine release in Jurkat T cells in the absence of Gd³⁺. (E–I) Areca nut extracts effect on cytokine release in Jurkat T cells in the presence of Gd³⁺. (D–I) 1: untreated, 2: DMSO 0.2%, 3: positive control (10 ng/ml PMA + 1 µM ionomycin), 4: AN total extract, 5: AN aqueous extract and 6: AN chloroform extract.